Table 6:
Neighborhood Effects, Add Health Non-Hispanic White Sample
| Adolescent Outcomes | Adult Outcomes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | |
| VARIABLES | School Problem Index |
Ever Suspended from School |
Depression Index |
Wants to Attend College |
Expects to Attend College |
English Grade |
Math Grade |
College Graduation |
High School Graduation |
Currently Employed |
Personal Income |
Ever Married |
Children Ever Born |
| Male | 0.209*** (0.0759) |
0.129*** (0.0254) |
−0.228*** (0.0662) |
−0.234*** (0.0596) |
−0.300*** (0.0566) |
−0.356*** (0.0565) |
−0.00300 (0.0703) |
−0.0664*** (0.0245) |
−0.0426*** (0.0159) |
0.160*** (0.0271) |
12.24*** (2.118) |
−0.0856*** (0.0301) |
−0.408*** (0.0617) |
| Male*Educated Neighborhood | 0.220 (0.270) |
0.0204 (0.0732) |
−0.0379 (0.250) |
0.395** (0.169) |
0.372** (0.151) |
−0.0117 (0.178) |
−0.363* (0.196) |
−0.0827 (0.0845) |
0.0800* (0.0435) |
−0.109 (0.0942) |
10.31 (8.431) |
−0.0588 (0.0942) |
0.762*** (0.169) |
| Educated Neighborhood | 0.0137 (0.180) |
−0.183*** (0.0617) |
−0.0867 (0.184) |
0.444*** (0.108) |
0.705*** (0.109) |
0.232 (0.180) |
0.425** (0.191) |
0.625*** (0.0779) |
0.0487* (0.0286) |
0.218*** (0.0830) |
16.87*** (5.335) |
−0.323*** (0.0809) |
−1.420*** (0.152) |
| Male*No Father | 0.178** (0.0798) |
0.0807*** (0.0280) |
−0.00548 (0.0667) |
−0.150** (0.0659) |
−0.105 (0.0749) |
0.00881 (0.0791) |
−0.0491 (0.0726) |
0.0269 (0.0286) |
−0.0300 (0.0197) |
−0.0477 (0.0402) |
−2.020 (2.250) |
−0.0993*** (0.0315) |
−0.305*** (0.0756) |
| Male*Other Father | 0.0433 (0.0908) |
0.0747** (0.0366) |
−0.210* (0.114) |
−0.125 (0.102) |
−0.117 (0.105) |
−0.0137 (0.0974) |
0.0554 (0.118) |
0.0172 (0.0395) |
0.0117 (0.0270) |
0.0869** (0.0396) |
1.430 (5.775) |
−0.0433 (0.0432) |
−0.177* (0.0957) |
| No Father | 0.176*** (0.0575) |
0.0989*** (0.0194) |
0.186*** (0.0493) |
2.74e-05 (0.0484) |
−0.155*** (0.0535) |
−0.236*** (0.0541) |
−0.183*** (0.0520) |
−0.134*** (0.0212) |
−0.0319** (0.0131) |
−0.0185 (0.0254) |
−5.005*** (1.226) |
0.00176 (0.0229) |
0.268*** (0.0630) |
| Other Father | 0.147** (0.0703) |
0.0326* (0.0191) |
0.277*** (0.0973) |
0.0337 (0.0623) |
−0.0423 (0.0781) |
−0.0671 (0.0654) |
−0.129 (0.0889) |
−0.114*** (0.0270) |
−0.0326* (0.0175) |
−0.0618* (0.0343) |
−3.401 (2.492) |
0.00339 (0.0351) |
0.203** (0.0800) |
| Constant | −1.041*** (0.348) |
−0.468*** (0.142) |
−1.608*** (0.253) |
1.362*** (0.254) |
−0.00826 (0.266) |
3.425*** (0.332) |
3.833*** (0.376) |
−0.235 (0.161) |
0.611*** (0.0793) |
0.336** (0.138) |
−46.72*** (10.98) |
−1.091*** (0.161) |
−0.809** (0.319) |
| Observations | 7,142 | 7,262 | 7,248 | 7,246 | 7,245 | 7,008 | 6,702 | 7,264 | 7,264 | 6,049 | 7,025 | 7,258 | 7,244 |
| R-squared | 0.050 | 0.124 | 0.063 | 0.097 | 0.150 | 0.093 | 0.040 | 0.194 | 0.079 | 0.051 | 0.067 | 0.081 | 0.125 |
| Mean of dependent variable | 0.000 | 0.206 | −0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 2.918 | 2.790 | 0.369 | 0.935 | 0.788 | 36.100 | 0.560 | 0.844 |
| Mother’s characteristics | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses. Standard errors clustered by school.
p<0.01
p<0.05
p<0.1. “Educated Neighborhood” is the proportion of aged 25+ individuals with college degree or more at census tract level. “No Father” and “Other Father” refer to living arrangements at Wave I. “School problems” is a standardized index based on factor analysis of the variables in Table A5. “Depression” is a standardized index based on factor analysis of the variables in Table A6. Grades are student-reported and range from 1=D or lower to 4=A. College desires/expectations are standardized measures based on a 0-4 scale. “Currently Employed” is a dummy for whether is currently working at Wave IV. “Personal Income” is the total personal earnings before tax in 2006/2007/2008. “Ever Married” is a dummy for whether has been married up to Wave IV. “Children Ever Born” is the self-reported total number of child births up to Wave IV. Mothers characteristics include education and dummies for foreign-born and young mother (under 22). All models include birth cohort. Models (1)-(7) are weighted by Wave I weights and models (8)-(13) are weighted by Wave IV weights.