Table 1.
Issue | Considerations | Recommendation |
1. Theoretical assessment of the feasibility of remote measurement | Are your research outcomes adaptable for remote research without compromising evidence for validity? |
Choose measures with evidence for remote validity or telephone validity or choose scales with very few adaptations from in-person administration. |
2. Assessment of the risks and benefits of the research design for participants | Participants may be under additional pressure and reluctant to participate if it is not clear how they will benefit. For example, is it essential to have a control group in your behavioral intervention study? | Consider participant burden as foremost to being “pandemic-friendly.” Choose a single-group repeated-measure design where individuals act as their own controls when it is unethical or not practical to have a control group, or consider use of a wait-list control group. Streamline your approach to measurement to reduce response burden. |
2. Theoretical assessment of the likely ICTa infrastructure of your research population | Is videoconferencing possible or is telephone-based contact most likely for remote research? | Plan for flexibility in remote research—even if you prefer videoconferencing, always include telephone-only contact as a backup plan. |
3. Assessment of ICT infrastructure for each participant before research participation starts | Telephones are common, but do they have a computer, smartphone, or tablet? Do they have broadband access? Do they have speakers or headphones? Do they have a microphone? | Use a screening question like “do you have a computer, tablet, or smartphone that you use to connect with others?” A consideration: budget to send necessary ICT equipment to remote participants if appropriate. |
4. Consider the needs of participants with cognitive or sensory impairments, or both | We detail special considerations for sensory and cognitive impairments, but these are highly individualized to each participant. | Screen for cognitive and sensory impairments and adapt your method of remote research accordingly. |
5. Consider platform for videoconferencing research | Only some videoconferencing platforms are private and secure, which is necessary to meet REBb approval. Consider what you need in terms of number of people joining and consider your participants’ experiences. | Adapt to your participant’s preferences and prior experiences with software; do not make them adapt to you. |
6. Train participants for remote research | Training and support for remote research is likely required, and we detail some strategies to help with training. | Plan to spend a sizeable amount of time training participants to use new ICT equipment/platforms. |
7. Obtain remote consent | We detail issues in obtaining consent, including obtaining proxy consent remotely. | The method used for remote participation should be the same as that used for informed research consent—for telephone contact, telephone consent; for videoconferenced contact, videoconferenced consent. |
8. Set the scene | We detail steps required to minimize distractions during the remote visit. | Plan for communication failures by obtaining multiple methods for communication. |
aICT: information communications technology.
bREB: research ethics board.