Table 4. Multivariable model applied to gestational age strata.
| Extremely preterm | Moderately preterm | Late preterm | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Parameter estimate | SE | P-value | Parameter estimate | SE | P-value | Parameter estimate | SE | P-value |
| Intercept | 15.41590 | 18.38236 | 0.4021 | 5.30311 | 5.14653 | 0.3032 | 13.74418 | 8.64866 | 0.1123 |
| Maternal race | |||||||||
| Asian | -0.21607 | 0.13406 | 0.1076 | -0.06529 | 0.04333 | 0.1322 | -0.16059 | 0.05337 | 0.0027* |
| Black/African American | 0.02864 | 0.06822 | 0.6748 | 0.00834 | 0.02529 | 0.7417 | -0.02320 | 0.03864 | 0.5483 |
| Multiple races | -0.31986 | 0.15429 | 0.0386* | -0.05238 | 0.05542 | 0.3449 | -0.04972 | 0.08167 | 0.5428 |
| Other | -0.03428 | 0.09389 | 0.7152 | 0.00854 | 0.02739 | 0.7553 | 0.00458 | 0.04051 | 0.9100 |
| Unknown | 0.04594 | 0.12294 | 0.7088 | -0.06132 | 0.04392 | 0.1631 | 0.01390 | 0.06709 | 0.8359 |
| Maternal first trimester BMI | |||||||||
| Underweight | -0.23952 | 0.21672 | 0.2696 | -0.07126 | 0.05621 | 0.2053 | -0.08862 | 0.08089 | 0.2735 |
| Overweight | -0.00045 | 0.05970 | 0.9939 | 0.01503 | 0.01677 | 0.3704 | 0.01341 | 0.02756 | 0.6268 |
| Obese | -0.04356 | 0.05627 | 0.4392 | 0.01632 | 0.01533 | 0.2874 | 0.05917 | 0.02665 | 0.0266* |
| Maternal hypertension during pregnancy | 0.07402 | 0.07363 | 0.3153 | -0.02503 | 0.01558 | 0.1085 | 0.00472 | 0.02840 | 0.8680 |
| Preeclampsia | 0.01380 | 0.07472 | 0.8535 | 0.02534 | 0.01554 | 0.1034 | -0.01438 | 0.02771 | 0.6039 |
| Birth year | -0.00732 | 0.00913 | 0.4232 | -0.00263 | 0.00256 | 0.3047 | -0.00752 | 0.00430 | 0.0803 |
| Multiple(s) | 0.01257 | 0.05224 | 0.8099 | 0.04351 | 0.01375 | 0.0016* | 0.01448 | 0.02452 | 0.5549 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 0.00611 | 0.02269 | 0.7876 | 0.01201 | 0.00765 | 0.1170 | 0.03424 | 0.01678 | 0.0415* |
| Birth weight (gr) | 0.00022 | 0.00017 | 0.2021 | -0.00002 | 0.00003 | 0.5541 | -0.00007 | 0.00004 | 0.0719 |
| Birth length (cm) | -0.01012 | 0.01085 | 0.3512 | -0.00083 | 0.00275 | 0.7633 | 0.01086 | 0.00572 | 0.0579 |
| Head circumference (cm) | -0.02426 | 0.01849 | 0.1902 | -0.00702 | 0.00404 | 0.0828 | -0.00104 | 0.00912 | 0.9092 |
| TPN | -0.10297 | 0.17977 | 0.5670 | 0.00248 | 0.02417 | 0.9183 | -0.01394 | 0.03343 | 0.6766 |
| Received dextrose | 0.11358 | 0.05122 | 0.0270* | 0.01285 | 0.02366 | 0.5873 | 0.03330 | 0.02801 | 0.2347 |
| Length of birth hospitalization stay (days) | -0.00040 | 0.00086 | 0.6425 | -0.00031 | 0.00032 | 0.3254 | 0.00155 | 0.00150 | 0.3030 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; cm, centimeters; gr, grams; SE, standard error; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.
Referent groups: White maternal race, normal maternal first trimester BMI, no hypertension, no preeclampsia, singleton, no TPN, no dextrose.
*p<0.05. P-values were calculated using multivariable linear regression.