Table 5. Between-group differences in outcomes over time.

Outcome Measure	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	β (95% CI)	p-value	β (95% CI)	p-value	β (95% CI)	p-value
BMI z-score
Usual care group	reference		reference		reference
Exercise group	-0.12 (-0.20 to -0.047)	0.002	-0.11 (-0.20 to -0.023)	0.013	-0.11 (-0.18 to -0.038)	0.003
Nutritional group	-0.057 (-0.13 to 0.021)	0.15	-0.060 (-0.15 to 0.030)	0.19	-0.056 (-0.13 to 0.016)	0.129
%BMIp95th
Usual care group	reference		reference		reference
Exercise group	-1.03 (-1.05 to -1.01)	0.001	-1.03 (-1.05 to -1.01)	0.007	-1.03 (-1.04 to -1.01)	0.001
Nutritional group	-1.01 (-1.03 to 1.01)	0.17	-1.01 (-1.03 to 1.01)	0.19	-1.01 (-1.03 to 1.00)	0.13
Waist circumference, cm
Usual care group	reference		reference		reference
Exercise group	-1.90 (-4.03 to 0.23)	0.080	-1.30 (-3.86 to 1.25)	0.32	-1.73 (-3.68 to 0.22)	0.083
Nutritional group	-2.37 (-4.54 to -0.21)	0.032	-3.47 (-6.06 to -0.89)	0.009	-3.71 (-5.68 to -1.74)	<0.001
Adiponectin, μg/mL
Usual care group	reference		reference		reference
Exercise group	1.28 (1.08 to 1.51)	0.005	1.31 (1.08 to 1.58)	0.005	1.27 (1.10 to 1.47)	0.001
Nutritional group	-1.00 (-1.19 to 1.18)	0.97	-1.08 (-1.30 to 1.12)	0.44	-1.08 (-1.25 to 1.07)	0.30

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; %BMI_p95th, percentage of the 95th percentile of age- and sex-specific body mass index.

Model 1: group × time interaction effects adjusted for age and sex in the mixed effects linear regression models (random intercept: individual).

Model 2: group × time interaction effects adjusted for age, sex, parental obesity, parental education, monthly household income, living with both parents, and sleep time in the mixed effects linear regression models (random intercept: individual).

Model 3: group × time interaction effects adjusted for age, sex, parental obesity, parental education, monthly household income, living with both parents, sleep time, and baseline values in the mixed effects linear regression models (random intercept: individual).