Fig 3. Insulin resistance following the acute administration of the antipsychotic drugs risperidone and paliperidone, measured with the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.

Fasted adult female rats (n = 5–6 per group) were assessed for insulin resistance by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Animals were stabilized until euglycemia was obtained and then animals were administered vehicle or (A) a lower (1 mg/kg) or higher (6 mg/kg) dose of risperidone or (B) a lower (1 mg/kg) or higher (6 mg/kg) dose of paliperidone (at t = 0 min). Plasma glucose concentrations were measured every subsequent ten minutes, after which glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were modified if necessary. The GIRs are provided as the change in GIR from euglycemia (group means ± SEM). Asterix (*) represents significantly different compared to controls, p < 0.05; hashtag (#)represents significantly different versus the 1 mg/kg dose-treated animals, p < 0.05.