Table 2. Raw proportions for blood pressure and A1c process and outcome measures among patients with diabetes by race/ethnicity and insurance instability category from academic and community health centers, 2005-2013.
| Total patient sample | Non-Hispanic Whiteb | Hispanicb | Black/African Americanb | Asian/Asian Pacific Islanderb | ||
| Instability (6-Category) a | n, 6-month intervals | %, 6-month intervals | %, 6-month intervals | %, 6-month intervals | %, 6-month intervals | %, 6-month intervals |
| Poor diabetes control, A1c ≥8.0% | ||||||
| Overall | 74,016 | 27.0 | 24.5 | 30.1 | 29.5 | 16.4 |
| Stable private insurance | 27,514 | 25.5 | 23.8 | 27.7 | 28.0 | 15.5 |
| Stable public insurance | 32,230 | 25.7 | 24.3 | 30.4 | 27.8 | 15.5 |
| Any insurance switches | 7,779 | 31.4 | 28.7 | 29.2 | 33.6 | 20.0 |
| Always uninsured | 6,493 | 34.5 | 27.9 | 36.0 | 36.9 | 22.4 |
| Very poor diabetes control, >9.0% | ||||||
| Overall | 74,016 | 17.1 | 15.2 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 9.1 |
| Stable private insurance | 27,514 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 18.4 | 17.4 | 8.6 |
| Stable public insurance | 32,230 | 16.6 | 15.2 | 19.7 | 18.6 | 8.5 |
| Any insurance switches | 7,779 | 20.6 | 19.4 | 19.3 | 22.1 | 11.9 |
| Always uninsured | 6,493 | 21.1 | 16.7 | 20.9 | 22.9 | 12.0 |
| A1c process (not monitored) | ||||||
| Overall | 90,111 | 23.5 | 27.8 | 24.3 | 21.3 | 23.6 |
| Stable private insurance | 33,444 | 23.3 | 27.7 | 25.6 | 20.4 | 21.1 |
| Stable public insurance | 39,498 | 24.4 | 28.2 | 23.9 | 22.8 | 24.1 |
| Any insurance switches | 9,514 | 22.8 | 29.4 | 22.7 | 20.4 | 27.1 |
| Always uninsured | 7,655 | 20.8 | 23.5 | 23.9 | 19.3 | 26.2 |
| Poor BP control, ≥ 130/80 mm Hg | ||||||
| Overall | 87,567 | 55.5 | 52.8 | 49.1 | 60.4 | 37.6 |
| Stable private insurance | 32,073 | 56.0 | 54.8 | 49.7 | 60.2 | 38.3 |
| Stable public insurance | 38,672 | 53.6 | 49.9 | 47.8 | 59.2 | 37.0 |
| Any insurance switches | 9,306 | 57.9 | 55.0 | 53.4 | 61.6 | 38.8 |
| Always uninsured | 7,516 | 60.0 | 54.7 | 48.8 | 64.7 | 36.8 |
a. Data presented based on the 6-month interval, note that some patients may be moving in and out of insurance categories throughout the study period.
b. We performed a test of the differences in unadjusted outcome rates across insurance types within each race/ethnic group, treating Stable Private Insurance as the reference group, accounting only for clustering of observations at the patient level.
Stable private: Always privately insured; Stable public: Always publicly insured (Medicare, Medicaid and/or subsidized); Any insurance switches: includes gain (uninsured to insured), switch but not loss or gain (switch between private, Medicare, Medicaid, and subsidized categories), and insurance loss (insured to uninsured); Always uninsured: No insurance at any point within 6-month interval.
Total # of patients=12470 for the A1c process outcome: 3325 White, 803 Hispanic, 7195 Black,1147 Asian patients were included in analysis.