Table 3. Adjusted^a odds ratio of diabetes-related outcomes and process measures by insurance stability within 6-month interval for patients from academic and community health centers, 2005-2013.

Concurrent Insurance Stability Groupb	n (6-month intervals)	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
		Total patient sample	Non-Hispanic White	Hispanic	Black/African American	Asian/Asian Pacific Islander
Poor diabetes control (A1c ≥8.0%)
Stable private insurance	27514	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Stable public insurance	32230	1.00 (.94, 1.07)	1.03 (.91 ,1.16)	1.12 (.84 ,1.49)	.98 (.90, 1.07)	1.01 (.80, 1.27)
Any insurance switches	7779	1.14 (1.06, 1.23)	1.05 (.89, 1.23)	1.12 (.82, 1.53)	1.16 (1.06, 1.27)	1.18 (.89, 1.58)
Always uninsured	6493	1.41 (1.28, 1.54)	1.22 (.98, 1.51)	1.46 (1.03, 2.08)	1.44 (1.29, 1.60)	1.48 (1.04, 2.11)
		Interaction race*insurance stability P=.67.
Very poor diabetes control, >9.0%
Stable private insurance	27514	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Stable public insurance	32230	1.02 (0.95, 1.10)	1.00 (.87,1.14)	1.07 (.78, 1.47)	1.03 (.94, 1.14)	1.01 (.77, 1.31)
Any insurance switches	7779	1.16 (1.07, 1.26)	1.15 (.96 1.37)	.99 (.68 ,1.44)	1.18 (1.06, 1.30)	1.27 (.90, 1.78)
Always uninsured	6493	1.32 (1.19, 1.47)	1.14 (.89, 1.45)	1.18 (.79, 1.76)	1.38 (1.22, 1.55)	1.38 (.94, 2.03)
		Interaction race*insurance stability P=.85
A1c not monitored
Stable private insurance	33444	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Stable public insurance	39498	.99 (.93, 1.05)	.88 (.78, .98)	.90 (.69, 1.17)	1.07 (.99, 1.17)	1.01 (.82, 1.26)
Any insurance switches	9514	.78 (.72, .83)	.76 (.65, .88)	.70 (.52, .94)	.77 (.70, .85)	1.04 (.82, 1.31)
Always uninsured	7655	.86 (.78 ,.94)	.78 (.65, .95)	.88 (.63, 1.22)	.86 (.77, .96)	1.17 (.86, 1.60)
		Interaction race*insurance stability P=.005
Poor BP control, ≥ 130/80 mm Hg
Stable private insurance	32073	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Stable public insurance	38672	.89 (.85, 0.94)	.81 (.74, .89)	.85 (.69, 1.06)	.94 (.88, 1.01)	.90 (.76, 1.07)
Any insurance switches	9306	.99 (.93,1.05)	.95 (.83, 1.07)	1.09 (.84, 1.41)	1.03 (.95, 1.11)	.92 (.75, 1.12)
Always uninsured	7516	1.00 (.92, 1.07)	.86 (.72, 1.02)	.84 (.63, 1.13)	1.10 (1.00, 1.21)	.76 (.59, .98)
		Interaction race*insurance stability P=.01

a. Adjusted for time, age, sex, comorbidities, site of care, education, income and race.

b. Data presented based on the 6-month interval, note that some patients may be moving in and out of insurance categories throughout the study period.

Stable private: Always privately insured; Stable public: Always publicly insured (Medicare, Medicaid and/or subsidized); Any insurance switches: includes gain (uninsured to insured), switch but not loss or gain (switch between private, Medicare, Medicaid, and subsidized categories), and insurance loss (insured to uninsured); Always uninsured: No insurance at any point within 6-month interval.

Total # of patients = 12470 for the A1c process outcome: 3325 White, 803 Hispanic, 7195 Black and 1147 Asian patients were included in the analysis.