TABLE 3.
Study bias and quality assessment of diagnostic studies using the QUADAS‐2 checklist
| Study | Risk of bias | Concerns regarding applicability | Total rated scores | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | Flow and timing | Patient selection | Index test | Reference standard | ||
| Li Y 2019 23 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
| Yang R 2019 32 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | 4 |
| Yin WB 2018 33 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
| Lü L 2017 25 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | 6 |
Abbreviation: QUADAS, Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy.