Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of ACS QUIK patients stratified by sex
| Total (n=21 374) | Women (n=5191) | Men (n=16 183) | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 60 (12) | 65 (12) | 58 (12) | <0.001 |
| Transferred from another facility, no (%) | 8401 (39.3) | 1932 (37.2) | 6469 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| No insurance, no (%) | 15 542 (72.7) | 3814 (73.5) | 11 728 (72.5) | 0.16 |
| ST-elevation myocardial infarction, no (%) | 13 689 (64.0) | 2846 (54.8) | 10 843 (67.0) | <0.001 |
| Symptom-to-door time, median (IQR), min | 246 (118–830.5) | 300 (127.5–990) | 238 (115–780) | <0.001 |
| Body weight, mean (SD), kg | 63.0 (10.0) | 59.0 (10.0) | 65 (9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 139 (29) | 141 (30) | 138 (29) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), /min | 80 (19) | 83 (20) | 79 (19) | <0.001 |
| Initial troponin, median (IQR), ng/mL | 1.32 (0.29–5.82) (n=9049) | 1.05 (0.26–4.02) (n=2299) | 1.44 (0.3–6.58) (n=6750) | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 123 (41) (n=14 830) | 127 (43) (n=3578) | 121 (40) (n=11 252) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR), mg/dL | 121 (90–165) (n=14 860) | 122 (91–161) (n=3578) | 121 (89–166) (n=11 282) | 0.98 |
| Serum creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) (n=13 835) | 0.92 (0.8–1.2) (n=3361) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) (n=10 474) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, median (IQR), mg/dL | 127 (102–176) (n=13 398) | 134 (106–188) (n=3286) | 125 (100–172) (n=10 112) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, mean (SD), mg/dL | 13 (2) (n=20 842) | 12.0 (2.0) (n=5064) | 14.0 (2.0) (15 778) | <0.001 |
| Killip class, n (%) | ||||
| I | 18 459 (86.4) | 4266 (82.2) | 14 193 (87.7) | <0.001 |
| II–IV | 2914 (13.6) | 925 (17.8) | 1989 (12.3) | |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 10 042 (47.0) | 3179 (61.2) | 6863 (42.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9484 (44.4) | 2783 (53.6) | 6701 (41.4) | <0.001 |
| History of tobacco use, no (%) | 6614 (30.9) | 168 (3.2) | 6446 (39.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 211 (1.0) | 50 (1.0) | 161 (1.0) | 1.00 |
| History of stroke | 470 (2.2) | 137 (2.6) | 333 (2.1) | 0.014 |
| Hospital type | ||||
| Government (n=9) | 7133 (33.4%) | 1618 (31.2%) | 5515 (34.1%) | <0.001 |
| Non-profit/charity (n=12) | 5749 (26.9%) | 1478 (28.5%) | 4271 (26.4%) | |
| Private (n=42) | 8492 (39.7%) | 2095 (40.4%) | 6397 (39.5%) | |
| Hospital size | ||||
| Extra large (>1000) (n=5) | 3560 (16.7%) | 730 (14.1%) | 2830 (17.5%) | <0.001 |
| Large (501–1000) (n=15) | 8523 (39.9%) | 2089 (40.2%) | 6434 (39.8%) | |
| Medium (201–500) (n=24) | 7415 (34.7%) | 1779 (34.3%) | 5636 (34.8%) | |
| Small (≤200) (n=19) | 1876 (8.8%) | 593 (11.4%) | 1283 (7.9%) | |
| Presence of onsite cath lab | ||||
| Installed during study (n=3) | 496 (2.3%) | 136 (2.6%) | 360 (2.2%) | <0.001 |
| No (n=17) | 3552 (16.6%) | 976 (18.8%) | 2576 (15.9%) | |
| Yes (n=43) | 17 326 (81.1%) | 4079 (78.6%) | 13 247 (81.9%) | |
ACS QUIK, acute coronary syndrome quality improvement in Kerala; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.