Figure 5.

rTTVΔTK-IL21 worked synergistically with ACT in controlling tumor growth. (A–C) Strategy to combine rTTVΔTK-IL21 and CAR T-cells in cancer treatment and its anti-tumor efficacy in humanized mouse model. The combination was performed following a scheme shown in (A): NCI-H292-CD19 cells were subcutaneously implanted into right flank of mice 10 days before treatments. Tumors were directly injected with PBS or 1×10⁶ PFU of rTTVΔTK-IL21 (on day 0) and 3 days later subjected to intravenous administration of PBS or 2×10⁶ CAR T-cells. Tumor growth was subsequently measured, shown as cumulative data in (B) (n=5, mean±SEM is shown, *p<0.05, one-way ANOVA) and response of individual tumor in each treatment group (C). (D–F) Strategy to combine rTTVΔTK-IL21 and iNKT cells in cancer treatment and its anti-tumor efficacy in humanized mouse model. The treatment scheme (D) was the same as in (A), except that NCI-H292-CD19 cells were being replaced by NCI-H292 cells and CAR T-cells were being replaced by iNKT cells (5×10⁶), which were intravenously administered 1 day after virotherapy. Shown in (E) is cumulative tumor growth data (n=6, mean±SEM is shown, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, one-way ANOVA) and in (F) are individual tumor responses in each treatment group. Data are representative of two independent experiments (B and C) or one experiment (E and F).