TABLE 1.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for cancer treatment.
| Strategy | Name of formula | Composition | Active compound | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FuZhengQuXie (扶正祛邪) | Sijunzi decoction (四君子湯) | Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. 人參 Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch. 炙甘草. Poria cocos (schw.) wolf 茯苓 Atractylodes macrocephala koidz. 白朮 | β-Glucan/polysaccharide | Activation of macrophage. Anti-oxidation. Activation of dendritic cells and macrophages | (Zhou et al., 2019) (Huang et al., 2017) (Driscoll et al., 2009; Camilli et al., 2018) |
| Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi or reishi) 靈芝 Cordyceps sinensis (berk.) sacc. 蟲草 | β-Glucan/polysaccharide Cordycepin | Activation of NK cells and macrophages. Anti-inflammation | (Driscoll et al., 2009; Camilli et al., 2018) (Qin et al., 2019) | ||
| QingReJieDu (清熱解毒) | SanHuangXieXin decoction (三黃瀉心湯) | Rheum palmatum, L.大黃 Coptis chinensis franch 黃連. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi黃芩 | Berberine Pheophorbide Wogonin | Anti-inflammation. Anti-angiogenesis. Pro-apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis/anti-inflammation | (Cheng et al., 2008) (Wang et al., 2015c) (Chan et al., 2006) (Chen et al., 2013; Xiao et al., 2015) |
| Huanglian jiedu decoction (黃連解毒湯) | Coptis chinensis Franch黃連 Phellodendron chinense C. K. Schneid.黃柏. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi黃芩. Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis 梔子 | Berberine Pheophorbide Wogonin | Anti-inflammation. Pro-apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis/anti-inflammation. Anti-proliferation | (Huang et al., 2020) (Chan et al., 2006) (Chen et al., 2013; Xiao et al., 2015) (Wang et al., 2015b) |
|
| Cruciferous vegetables | Sulforaphane Indole-3-carbinol | Anti-oxidation | (Traka et al., 2014) (Metidji et al., 2018) | ||
| HuoXueHuaYu (活血化瘀 | Didang decoction (抵當湯 | Rheum palmatum, L.大黃. Prunus persica (L.) batsch 桃仁. Hirudo nipponica whitman 水蛭. Tabanus bivittatus matsumura 虻蟲 | Amygdalin Hirudin | Anti-inflammation anti-thrombosis | (Lin and Lin, 2011) (Wildenrath, 1995) |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (danshen) 丹參. Ophiocordyceps sinensis 冬蟲夏草 | Salvianic acid (danshensu) Cordycepin | Anti-inflammation anti-angiogenesis anti-thrombosis/vasodilatation. Anti-angiogenesis | (Zhang et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2018) (Li et al., 2015) (Liu et al., 2020) | ||
| RuanJianSanJie (軟堅散結) | XiaoLuoWan (消瘰丸) | Scrophularia ningpoensis hemsl. 玄參. Ostrea gigas thunberg 牡蠣. Fritillaria thunbergii miq. 浙貝母. Sargassum pallidum 海藻 | Calcium Verticine | Anti-proliferation. Anti-inflammation. Anti-nociception | (Chen et al., 2016b) (Xu et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2015a) |
| Carapax trionycis (biejia) 鰲甲. Trionyx sinensis wiegmann. 中華鱉 bovine tracheal cartilage (BTC) | CT6 | Inhibition of TGF-β1 and anti-fibrosis. Up-regulation of CREB-p and anti-fibrosis | (Hu et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017) (Tan et al., 2006),(Prudden, 1985) | ||
| HuaTanQuShi (化痰祛濕) | ErChen decoction (二陳湯) | Pinelliae ternata (thunb.) makino, 半夏. Citrus reticulata blanco 陳皮. Poria cocos (schw.) wolf 茯苓. Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch. 炙甘草 | Ephedrine, β-glucan Diosmin β-Glucan/polysaccharide | Phlegm-eliminating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metabolic syndrome effects | (Ji et al., 2014; Xiu et al., 2015) (Vafa et al., 2019) (Driscoll et al., 2009; Camilli et al., 2018) |
| YangXinAnShen (養心安神) | Suanzaoren decoction (酸棗仁湯) | Ziziphus jujuba mill. Var. spinosa (bunge) 酸棗仁. Poria cocos (Schw) 茯苓. Ligusticum chuanxiong 川芎. Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch. 甘草 | Acidic polysaccharides Jujuboside A Chuanxiongzine/tetramethyl pyrazine | Activation of immune cells. Hypnotic Vasodilatation | (Zou et al., 2018) (Cao et al., 2010) (Xu et al., 2018) |
TCM, traditional chinese medicine.