Figure 1.

Driving Immune Responses in the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. Immune cells are present intratumorally and in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Strategies discussed throughout the paper have been summarized above the corresponding cell type. Attempts to improve T cell functionality in the ovarian TME include Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA4, which have been used in clinical trials to reduce inhibitory signaling. Similarly, T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-Ts) against folate receptor-alpha (FRα), MUC-16, and mesothelin have been tested in clinical trials in order to recognize tumor-associated antigens. CAR-Ts have been tested in vitro against novel antigens. CAR-T: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell. ICI, Immune checkpoint inhibitor; CAR-NK, Chimeric antigen receptor-Natural Killer cell; Mφ, Macrophage; I.p., Intraperitoneal; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor; ApoE, ApolipoproteinE; MDSC, Myeloid-derived suppressor cell. Created with Biorender.com.