Table 2.

Predictive capacity of preoperative assessment tools

Tool	Mortality	Morbidity and length of stay
ASA	AUROC 0.64 [25] OR 1.54–11.6 [24]	Postop complications: OR 1.77–7.1 [24] ASA > 2: OR 3.44 (2.02–5.87) [18] ASA-3: Clavien-Dindo 4 OR 6.8 [13] ASA ≥ 3: pooled OR 2.71 (1.64–4.48) [22] Delirium: ASA ≥ 3: OR 5.65 (1.57–20.36) [26] Cardiac arrest: ASA-3: OR 1.2, ASA-4: OR 3.5, ASA-5: OR 7.5 [13] Perioperative MI: ASA-3: OR 3, ASA-4: 6.9, ASA-5: 14.9 [13]
CAF	≤ 11 30d mortality OR 1.1 (1.06–1.2) [12]
CCI	AUROC 0.57 [25] All-cause mortality HR 1.03 (0.9–1.17) [16]	Postop complications: OR 0.93 (− 1.68–3.54) [22]
CGA assessment of frailty	2 frailty markers: 6 mo mortality HR 3.86 (0.41–36.02)–8.88 (1.09–72.29) [16]  ≥ 3 markers: 6 mo mortality HR 4.51 (0.49–41.25)–8.5 (1.1–65.87) [16]	Postop complications: OR 3.13 (1.65–5.92)–6 [13, 16] RR 1.59 (1.25–2.01)–1.75 (1.28–2.41) [16] Length of stay LOS > 2 days OR 4.2 [13]
Fried	30d mortality OR 2.67 (p = 0.029) [17]	Postop complications: OR 2.54 (1.12–5.77) [13] Major Cx OR 3.13 (1.65–5.92)—4.1 [13]  ≥ Clavien 2 Cx OR 4.08 (p = 0.006) [17] Mortality or procedural Cx OR 2.2 (p = 0.04) [17] QoL Mortality or poor QoL at 6 mo OR 2.21 (p = 0.03) [17] Length of stay LOS intermediately frail OR 1.49 (1.24–1.8) [13]
GFI	GFI ≥ 5 30d mortality ES 0.08 (0.02–0.21) [15]	Postop complications: GFI ≥ 5 Postop Cx ES 0.15 (0.06–0.31) [15] GFI ≥ 3 ≥ Clavien 3a OR 3.62 [13] Length of stay GFI ≥ 5 ES 7.17 (6.02–8.54) [15] GFI ≥ 3 ES 15.8 (12.79–19.51) [15]
Katz IADL	Dependence in ≥ 1 ADL inpatient mortality OR 1.8 (1.1–3) [23]
mFI	OR 11–11.7 [13] RR 4.19 (2.96–5.92) [19]	Postop complications: OR 11[13] Clavien 4 and 5 postop Cx OR 14.4 [13] mFI > 0.27: Clavien 4 Cx OR 4.8 [13] mFI > 0.12: postop Cx OR 2.71 [13] mFI > 0: postop Cx pooled RR 1.48 (1.35–1.61), major postop Cx pooled RR 1.48 (1.35–1.61) [19] Discharge to care facility: RR 2.15 (1.92–2.4) [19]
Slow gait speed 5 m ≥ 6 s	OR 2.63 [13]	Mortality or major morbidity OR 2.63 (1.17–5.9)–3.17 (1.7–2.59) [12]