Fig. 4.

Predicting 2N^vS presence based on GBS data and 2N^vS impact on breeding. a 2N^vS positive and negative breeding lines based on relative counts of alien or wheat GBS tags. The prediction of 2N^vS presence for over 40 thousand breeding lines in various programs show for 2N^vS positive (red) and negative (blue). b 2N^vS frequency by year for US winter wheat (KS and USDA-RPN) and CIMMYT spring bread wheat breeding program. c 2N^vS frequency over major KS wheat breeding stages showing first year to final year yield testing in order (IPSR Individual Plant Short Row; PYN Preliminary Yield Nursery; AYN Advanced Yield Nursery; KIN Kansas Interstate Nursery). d Estimated yield effect difference of 2N^vS positive vs negative lines in US winter wheat breeding program. e Estimated effect of 2N^vS on CIMMYT wheat yield showing percentage yield difference between 2N^vS and non-2N^vS lines. X-axis: years of evaluation, Y-axis: percent yield difference, positive values indicate that the 2N^vS effect is providing a yield effect. Shapes with black asterisks represent environments with statistically significant yield differences between 2N^vS and non-2N^vS lines. ESWYT, elite spring wheat yield trial lines; EYT, elite yield trials; SABWYT, South Asia bread wheat yield trials; YT, yield trials. Fais_Pak, Faisalabad in Pakistan; Jam_Ban, Jamalpur in Bangladesh; Jbl_Ind, Jabalpur in India; Ldh_Ind Ludhiana in India; Obr_Mex, Obregon Mexico; Pus_Ind, Pusa in India