Table 2.
Headache characteristics according to headache responder group.
| Variables | Headache responder (n = 8) | Headache non-responder (n = 5) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-OA | Post-OA | Pre-OA | Post-OA | |
| Frequency (days/3 month)a | 6.00 (4.25–11.50)** | 1.50 (0.00–2.75)** | 1.00 (0.50–75.00) | 3.00 (0.50–75.00) |
| Type (migraine, tension-type)b,d | 5/8 (63%) | 1/8 (13%) | 3/5 (60%) | 1/5 (20%) |
| Intensity (average)c,e | 4.75 (1.75) | 4.13 (3.14) | 4.40 (1.52) | 4.60 (2.88) |
| Intensity (current)c,e | 2.13 (2.85) | 0.38 (1.06) | 3.20 (2.17) | 2.40 (3.36) |
| Intensity (when severest)c,e | 7.88 (1.64)** | 4.43 (3.74)** | 5.60 (1.82) | 5.40 (3.13) |
| Duration of episode (mins)c | 158.57 (110.52) | 192.86 (254.47) | 97.50 (51.23) | 120.00 (81.24) |
| Morning headacheb,d | 6/8 (75%) | 4/8 (50%) | 5/5 (100%) | 3/5 (60%) |
| MIDAS scorea | 1.00 (0.00–12.00) | 1.00 (0.00–4.25) | 0 (0.00–35.00) | 0 (0.00–75.00) |
| MIDAS gradeb,d | 6/8 (75%) | 8/8 (100%) | 3/5 (60%) | 3/5 (60%) |
| Localization (unilateral, bilateral)b,d | 8/8 (100%)* | 0/8 (0%) | 2/5 (40%)* | 2/5 (40%) |
| Nausea/Vomitingb,d | 3/8 (38%) | 1/8 (13%) | 2/5 (40%) | 1/5 (20%) |
| Sensitivity (light, sound, smell)b,d | 6/8 (75%) | 3/8 (38%) | 4/5 (80%) | 3/5 (60%) |
| Autonomic symptomsb,d | 4/8 (50%) | 3/8 (38%) | 2/5 (40%) | 3/5 (60%) |
Grouping was based on ≥ 30% reduction in headache frequency.
OA oral appliance.
*Significant difference: P < 0.05, comparison between headache responder and non-responder.
**Significant difference: P < 0.05, comparison between pre- and post-oral appliance treatment.
aDifferences between groups were tested with Mann–Whitney test and pre- and post-OA data were tested with Wilcoxon Rank-sum test: Median (lower quartile-upper quartile).
bDifferences between groups were tested with Chi-square test and pre- and post-OA data were tested with McNemar’s test.
cDifferences between groups were tested with t-test and pre- and post-OA data were tested with paired t-test: Mean (SD).
dResults given as number of patients with migraine, morning headaches, low disability, bilateral headache, nausea (vomiting), sensitivity, autonomic symptoms/total number of patients (percentage of patients with each characteristic).
eBased on a visual analog scale, 0 (no pain) − 10 (worst pain imaginable).