Table 4.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the dependency of the prevalence of diabetes on contextual factors, individual factors, and covariates
| (SE() | ORadj (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Residence type | ||
| Non-farm | – | 1.00 (ref) |
| Farm | −0.39 (0.12) | 0.68 (0.52–0.86) |
| Age of the participants | ||
| 18–45 years | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 46–55 years | 0.32 (0.20) | 1.37 (0.93–2.01) |
| 56–65 years | 0.54 (0.21) | 1.71 (1.13–2.60) |
| >65 years | 0.78 (0.23) | 2.17 (1.38–3.43) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Male | 0.43 (0.14) | 1.54 (1.18–2.02) |
| Income adequacy | ||
| > = $60,000 | 1.00 (ref) | |
| $40,000 to $59,999 | 0.15 (0.12) | 1.16 (0.92–1.47) |
| $20,000 to $39,999 | 0.13 (0.14) | 1.14 (0.87–1.50) |
| <$20,000 | 0.41 (0.21) | 1.51 (1.01–2.27) |
| Exposure | ||
| Insecticide | ||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Yes | −0.07 (0.16) | 0.93 (0.69–1.27) |
| Family History | ||
| Dad diabetic | ||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Yes | 0.79 (0.13) | 2.21 (1.72–2.83) |
| Mom diabetic | ||
| Yes | 1.00 (ref) | |
| No | 0.85 (0.13) | 2.34 (1.82–3.01) |
| Siblings diabetic | ||
| Yes | 1.00 (ref) | |
| No | 0.90 (0.12) | 2.46 (1.94–3.12) |
| Behavioural Risk & Protective Factor | ||
| BMI | ||
| Normal (BMI < 25) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Overweight (BMI 25–30) | 0.15 (0.16) | 1.16(0.85–1.58) |
| Obese (BMI >30) | 0.64 (0.16) | 1.89 (1.38–2.59) |
| Smoking | ||
| Current smoker | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Ex-smoker | 0.17 (0.12) | 1.18 (0.93–1.51) |
| Never Smoker | 0.26 (0.19) | 1.30 (0.90–1.88) |
| Alcohol consumption/ 12 month | ||
| Never | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Less than once a month | −0.06 (0.15) | 0.94 (0.70–1.28) |
| Once a month | 0.05 (0.19) | 1.05 (0.72–1.52) |
| 2 to 3 times a month | −0.45 (0.17) | 0.64 (0.46–0.89) |
| Once a week | −0.59 (0.20) | 0.56 (0.37–0.83) |
| 2 to 3 times a week | −0.73 (0.20) | 0.48 (0.32–0.72) |
| 4 to 6 times a week | −0.66 (0.23) | 0.51(0.33–0.81) |
| Every day | −0.56 (0.26) | 0.57 (0.34–0.96) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Cardiovascular | ||
| Heart attack | ||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Yes | 0.56 (0.22) | 1.75 (1.15–2.69) |
| High blood pressure | ||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Yes | 0.95 (0.12) | 2.57 (2.05–3.23) |
| General health | ||
| Excellent | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Very good | 1.03 (0.40) | 2.81 (1.29–6.14) |
| Good | 1.77 (0.40) | 5.91 (2.70–12.93) |
| Fair | 2.27 (0.41) | 9.68 (4.33–21.65) |
| Poor | 2.28 (0.47) | 9.74 (3.09–24.31) |
| Interaction | ||
| Sex X Smoking | ||
| Male # Ex-smoker | 0.63 (0.22) | 1.89 (1.22–2.90) |
| Male # Current smoker | 0.40 (0.33) | 1.48(0.78–2.84) |
| Sex X Insecticide | ||
| Male # Insecticide user | 0.43 (0.21) | 1.53 (1.02–2.29) |
**Significant at the P value < 0.05 (marked as bold)