Fig. 10.

Mechanistic dissection using the DR interactome. Based on our proteomic data, the potential DR mechanism is proposed as follows: (1) oxidative stress; (2) hyperglycemia; (3) mitochondrial dysfunction; (4) complement activation; (5) apoptosis; (6) angiogenesis; (7) inflammation; (8) lipid metabolism; (9) energy metabolism; (10) cytoskeletal remodeling; (11) vascular permeability; (12) altered retinoid metabolism; (13) altered phosphorylations by Tyr-dependent kinase, Ser/Thr-dependent kinase, and calcium-dependent kinase