Fig. 3.

Prohibitin as the DR biomarker. Prohibitin expression in control, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and aged retina (n = 09) for biological triplicate, and technical triplicate were analyzed quantitatively using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The beta-actin blot was used as a loading control. (A) Prohibitin expression was analyzed quantitatively in diabetic, aged, and control mouse retina. (B) Prohibitin expression was analyzed quantitatively in diabetic, aged, and control rat retina. (C) Prohibitin expression was analyzed quantitatively in diabetic retinopathy (DR), aged, and control retina in post-mortem human tissue. Statistical comparisons between means were performed by a 2-tailed t-test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant statistically (p > 0.05 ns, not significant; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001)