Fig. 6.

The protein interactome in DR. Potential biomarkers are presented in the interaction map. Over 500 proteins found in DR were added in STRING software version 11.0 and determined protein interactions. The current interactome integrates interaction data from the above sources for a large number of organisms. The DR interactome suggests that phosphorylation signaling in DR could be initiated under hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunctions, inflammation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal remodeling, altered lipid metabolism, and altered energy metabolism are noticed (Supplement Fig. 2A and K)