Table 1.
Overview of zebrafish models for inflammation.
| Inflammatory models | Age | Treatment | Inflammatory responses | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tail wounding-induced inflammation | ||||
| Transection | 2–5 dpf | Amputation | Accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils; increased ROS production; upregulated inflammatory genes | Renshaw et al., 2006; Niethammer et al., 2009; Yoo et al., 2011; Enyedi and Niethammer, 2013 |
| 2–4 dpf | Incision | Accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils; increased ROS production; | Mathias et al., 2006, 2009; Enyedi and Niethammer, 2013 | |
| Laser | 4 dpf | Epidermis | Accumulation of neutrophils | Feng et al., 2010 |
| 22 hpf | Yolk sac | Accumulation of macrophages | Redd et al., 2006; Mathias et al., 2009 | |
| 1–2 dpf | Skeletal muscle | Myofibril damage | Otten and Abdelilah-Seyfried, 2013 | |
| 2–3 dpf | Tail fin | Accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils; ROS signaling; upregulated inflammatory genes (tnfa) | LeBert et al., 2018; Miskolci et al., 2019 | |
| Chemical-induced inflammation | ||||
| LPS | 1–3 dpf | Immersion | Increased ROS and NO production; upregulated inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa, il10, p65, nfkbia) | Watzke et al., 2007; Ko et al., 2017 |
| 3 dpf | Yolk injeciton | Accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils; upregulated inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa, il6) | Yang et al., 2014 | |
| CuSO4 | 2–7 dpf | Immersion | Hair cell death; infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils; oxidative stress | Hernández et al., 2006; Olivari et al., 2008; d'Alençon et al., 2010; Leite et al., 2013; Carrillo et al., 2016 |
| Adult | Immersion | Oxidative damage and apoptosis in the gills; upregulated inflammatory genes (tnfa, mmp9, myd88, il6, il8) | Craig et al., 2007; Griffitt et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2014 | |
| LTB4 | 3 dpf | Otic vesicle injection | Neutrophil recruitment | Tobin et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2013; de Oliveira et al., 2013 |
| 2 dpf | Hindbrain injection | Macrophage recruitment | Torraca et al., 2015 | |
| 3 dpf | Immersion | Neutrophil accumulation in the fin | Yoo et al., 2011; Bischel et al., 2013 | |
| Enterocolitis | 3–8 dpf | TNBS immersion | Gut dilation; loss of villi and clefts; infiltration of neutrophils; increased number of goblet cells; upregulation of inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa, mmp9, ccl20, il8) | Fleming et al., 2010; Oehlers et al., 2011 |
| 3–6 dpf | DSS immersion | Mucus accumulation; infiltration of neutrophils; reduced proliferation; upregulation of inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa, mmp9, ccl20, il8, il23) | Oehlers et al., 2012 | |
| 3–6 dpf | Glafenine immersion | Intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and shedding; ER stress | Goldsmith et al., 2013; Espenschied et al., 2019 | |
| 5–9 dpf | Soybean meal | Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphoid cells; upregulation of inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa, mpx, saa, c3b, il8) | Hedrera et al., 2013; Fuentes-Appelgren et al., 2014; Coronado et al., 2019 | |
| Adult | TNBS intrarectal injection | Epithelial disruption; neutrophil infiltration; upregulation of inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa,il8, il10) | Geiger et al., 2013 | |
| Adult | Oxazolone intrarectal injection | Epithelial damage; infiltration of granulocytes; goblet cell depletion; upregulation of inflammatory genes (il1b, tnfa, il10) | Brugman et al., 2009 | |
| Mutation-induced inflammation | ||||
| hai1a | 1–3 dpf | Epidermal defects (skin); leukocyte accumulation; enhanced keratinocytes apoptosis; upregulation of inflammatory genes (mmp9) | Carney et al., 2007; Mathias et al., 2007; LeBert et al., 2015 | |
| cdipt | 5–6 dpf | Intestinal damage; reduced mucos ecretion; infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils; globlet cell apoptosis; impaired proliferation; ER stress; upregulation of inflammatory genes | Thakur et al., 2011, 2014 | |