Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Baseline patient characteristics | Lobeglitazone group (N = 104) | Pioglitazone group (N = 101) | P value** | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normoalbuminuria | Micro-/macroalbuminuria | P value* | Normoalbuminuria | Micro-/macroalbuminuria | P value* | ||
| Age (years) | 55.9 ± 10.8 | 57.0 ± 8.9 | 0.704 | 56.3 ± 12.8 | 59.0 ± 8.7 | 0.302 | 0.274 |
| Male | 35 (41.7) | 8 (40.0) | 1.000 | 31 (42.5) | 19 (67.9) | 0.039 | 0.302 |
| Height (cm) | 162.3 ± 7.6 | 160.3 ± 8.6 | 0.313 | 163.3 ± 10.7 | 160.3 ± 7.6 | 0.181 | 0.700 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.8 ± 13.7 | 65.2 ± 10.0 | 0.028 | 67.6 ± 16.1 | 64.4 ± 9.0 | 0.342 | 0.374 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 4.8 | 25.3 ± 3.0 | 0.052 | 25.0 ± 3.7 | 25.0 ± 2.8 | 0.957 | 0.112 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.0 ± 12.9 | 124.9 ± 13.7 | 0.132 | 128.3 ± 13.1 | 122.4 ± 15.7 | 0.064 | 0.363 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 85.9 ± 8.7 | 80.4 ± 9.9 | 0.018 | 80.5 ± 10.0 | 77.1 ± 9.4 | 0.129 | 0.014 |
| Diabetes duration (year) | 6.6 ± 4.7 | 7.2 ± 5.2 | 0.599 | 7.3 ± 5.5 | 8.1 ± 6.1 | 0.523 | 0.328 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 163.9 ± 43.8 | 147.2 ± 37.2 | 0.128 | 167.2 ± 45.4 | 148.8 ± 30.2 | 0.055 | 0.514 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.05 ± 0.54 | 7.81 ± 0.73 | 0.107 | 8.00 ± 0.67 | 7.89 ± 0.71 | 0.469 | 0.530 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 165.6 ± 37.2 | 158.2 ± 34.5 | 0.428 | 174.3 ± 35.7 | 163.1 ± 35.7 | 0.166 | 0.197 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 152.1 ± 50.2 | 134.8 ± 74.7 | 0.224 | 199.5 ± 139.6 | 130.5 ± 63.1 | 0.017 | 0.333 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.4 ± 9.0 | 49.8 ± 11.7 | 0.311 | 44.6 ± 11.2 | 48.9 ± 11.3 | 0.090 | 0.312 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.74 ± 0.22 | 0.71 ± 0.20 | 0.485 | 0.80 ± 0.17 | 0.71 ± 0.16 | 0.021 | 0.375 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 95.7 ± 16.1 | 98.6 ± 13.9 | 0.463 | 94.6 ± 17.6 | 96.7 ± 12.3 | 0.558 | 0.331 |
| UACR (mg/g Cr) | 8.0 ± 5.9 | 115.1 ± 129.2 | 0.001 | 8.7 ± 6.8 | 209.4 ± 542.3 | 0.041 | 0.209 |
| Normoalbuminuria | 84 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 73 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 0.341 |
| Microalbuminuria | 0 (0.0) | 19 (95.0) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (92.9) | |||
| Macroalbuminuria | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.1) | |||
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as a number with the percentage in parentheses
Cr Creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
*Significant difference at P < 0.05 (normoalbuminuria vs. micro-/macroalbuminuria); **significant difference at P < 0.05 (lobeglitazone vs. pioglitazone)