Table 2.
Clinical studies on Anti-diabetic efficacy of selected five plants
| Author (year) | Plant name | Study | Duration | Dose | Number (Cases/ Control) |
Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaytan Martinez L. et al., (2020) | G. sylvestre |
RCT Double-blind |
12 weeks |
600 mg/day (GS capsule) |
15/15 | ↓ 2-h OGTT (p = 0.003) and A1C (p = 0.025), ↑ insulin sensitivity | [122] |
| Al-Romaiyan A. et al., (2010) | G. sylvestre | Cohort study | 2 months |
1 gm/day (Novel GS extract) |
11 |
↓ blood glucose ↑plasma insulin and C-peptide levels |
[123] |
| Nanda Kumar S. et al., (2010) | G. sylvestre | quasi-experimental design | 3 months |
500 mg/day (GS capsule) |
39/19 | ↓ blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), and glycated hemoglobin | [124] |
| Trakoon-osot W. et al., (2013) | M. charantia |
RCT Double-blind |
16 weeks | 6 g/day of MC dried-fruit pulp | 19/19 | ↓ A1C from baseline (p = 0.042, ↓ of total advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in serum (p = 0.028) | [125] |
| Fuangchan A. et al., (2011) | M. charantia | Multicentric double-blind RCT | 4 weeks |
G1-500 mg/day, G2-1000 mg/day, G3-2000 mg/day, dry fruit pulp (G4-1000 mg/day metformin) |
G1 = 33 G2 = 32 G3 = 31 G4 = 33 |
↓ fructosamine levels in G3 and G4. | [126] |
| Lim ST. et al., (2010) | M. charantia |
RCT double-blind |
G1- 60 mg/kg/day G2-80 mg/kg/day G3-100 mg/kg/day G4 = Placebo |
G1 = 10 G2 = 10 G3 = 10 G4 = 10 |
G3 showed a more rapid (15 minutes) stimulation of insulin secretion than placebo | [127] | |
| Najdi RA. et al. (2019) | T. foenum graecum | RCT | 12 weeks | 2 gm/day TGF | 6/6 | ↑ fasting insulin level (P = 0.04). | [128] |
| Verma N. et al., (2016) | T. foenum graecum | Multicentric double-blind RCT | 3 month |
1000 mg/day Fenfuro (TGF seed extract) capsule |
154 |
↓ fasting plasma, post-prandial blood sugar levels and HbA1c levels. ↑ fasting and post-prandial C-peptide levels. |
[129] |
| Kumar V. et al., (2015) | T. cordifolia | RCT | 15 days | 50 mg/ kg body weight/ day TC stem powder | 90 | ↓ fasting blood sugar | [130] |
| Roy K. (2015) | T. cordifolia | RCT | 2 Months | 500 mg/day encapsulated stem of TC | 29/30 | ↓ HbA1c levels | [131] |
| Rahimi HR. et al., (2016) | C. longa |
RCT Double-blind |
3 months | 80 mg/day Nano-curcumin (as nano-micelle) | 39/41 |
↓ fasting blood sugar (p = 0.004) ↓ HbA1c levels (p = 0.02) |
[132] |
| Chuengsamarn S. et al. (2012) | C. longa |
RCT Double-blind |
9 months | 1500 mg/day curcuminoids capsule | 119/116 | ↓ fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels (p = < 0.01), better β cell functions. ↑HOMA-β (p = < 0.01) | [133] |
| Na LX. et al. (2012) | C. longa |
RCT Double-blind |
3 months | 300 mg/day curcuminoids | 50/50 |
↓ fasting blood glucose (p < 0.01), HbA1c (p = 0.031), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.01) |
[134] |