Table 3.
Comparison of clinical features and outcomes between different groups before and after matching.
| Characteristic | Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical (n = 53) | Antiplatelet (n = 85) | Conservative (n = 79) | p-value | Surgical (n = 53) | Antiplatelet (n = 53) | Conservative (n = 53) | p-value | |
| Age at symptom onset (years) | 44 ± 12 | 48 ± 10 | 45 ± 13 | 0.064 | 44 ± 12 | 47 ± 11 | 47 ± 13 | 0.271 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 45 ± 12 | 49 ± 10 | 46 ± 12 | 0.108 | 45 ± 12 | 48 ± 11 | 48 ± 13 | 0.255 |
| Female-to-male ratio | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.018 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.493 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 19 (35.8%) | 45 (52.9%) | 35 (44.3%) | 0.140 | 19 (35.8%) | 23 (43.4%) | 23 (43.4%) | 0.659 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (9.4%) | 23 (27.1%) | 15 (19.0%) | 0.040 | 5 (9.4%) | 8 (15.1%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.610 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0 (0.0%) | 11 (12.9%) | 6 (7.6%) | 0.023 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Active smoking | 13 (24.5%) | 32 (37.6%) | 28 (35.4%) | 0.260 | 13 (24.5%) | 16 (30.2%) | 19 (35.8%) | 0.447 |
| Alcohol consumption | 12 (22.6%) | 26 (30.6%) | 21 (26.6%) | 0.587 | 12 (22.6%) | 13 (24.5%) | 15 (28.3%) | 0.792 |
| Past history of stroke or TIA | 8 (15.1%) | 13 (15.3%) | 6 (7.6%) | 0.262 | 8 (15.1%) | 8 (15.1%) | 5 (9.4%) | 0.610 |
| Family history of MMD | 4 (7.5%) | 4 (4.7%) | 4 (5.1%) | 0.757 | 4 (7.5%) | 2 (3.8%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.591 |
| mRS score at baseline | ||||||||
| 0–2 | 47 (88.7%) | 63 (74.1%) | 69 (87.3%) | 0.033 | 47 (88.7%) | 43 (81.1%) | 45 (84.9%) | 0.555 |
| >2 | 6 (11.3%) | 22 (25.9%) | 10 (12.7%) | 6 (11.3%) | 10 (18.9%) | 8 (15.1%) | ||
| Angiography findings | ||||||||
| Bilateral | 51 (96.2%) | 69 (81.2%) | 75 (94.9%) | 0.003 | 51 (96.2%) | 48 (90.6%) | 51 (96.2%) | 0.346 |
| Suzuki stage ≥III | 46 (86.8%) | 73 (85.9%) | 72 (91.1%) | 0.556 | 46 (86.8%) | 46 (86.8%) | 49 (92.5%) | 0.569 |
| Intracranial aneurysm | 6 (11.3%) | 5 (5.9%) | 9 (11.4%) | 0.395 | 6 (11.3%) | 4 (7.5%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.757 |
| Clinical manifestation | ||||||||
| TIA | 21 (39.6%) | 23 (27.1%) | 27 (34.2%) | 0.273 | 21 (39.6%) | 15 (28.3%) | 15 (28.3%) | 0.580 |
| Lacunar infarction | 3 (5.7%) | 3 (3.5%) | 7 (8.9%) | 3 (5.7%) | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (7.5%) | ||
| Cerebral infarction | 29 (54.7%) | 59 (69.4%) | 45 (57.0%) | 29 (54.7%) | 36 (67.9%) | 34 (64.2%) | ||
| Follow-up (months) | 32.2 ± 16.7 | 36.6 ± 20.5 | 33.2 ± 15.5 | 0.291 | 32.2 ± 16.7 | 35.6 ± 20.0 | 32.2 ± 14.1 | 0.488 |
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Future ischemic stroke | 1 (1.9%) | 6 (7.1%) | 11 (13.9%) | 0.042 | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (5.7%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.030 |
| Poor functional status | 7 (13.2%) | 21 (24.7%) | 11 (13.9%) | 0.248 | 7 (13.2%) | 12 (22.6%) | 7 (13.2%) | 0.317 |
| Serious bleeding event | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (3.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.244 | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.361 |