Table 2.
General characteristics of pangasius and tilapia farms.
| Criteria/Indicators | Pangasius pond (n = 15) |
Tilapia pond (n = 15) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old (n = 8) | New (n = 7) | Old (n = 9) | New (n = 6) | |
| Farm characteristics | ||||
| Farm size (ha) | 2.90 ± 1.37 | 1.07 ± 0.23 | 1.89 ± 1.34 | 0.81 ± 0.12 |
| Number of ponds per farm | 6.3 ± 4.3 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 5.2 | 3.2 ± 0.0 |
| Research pond characteristics | ||||
| Pond size (ha) | 0.91 ± 0.37 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.04 |
| Age of pond (year) | 16.7 ± 4.3 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 14.3 ± 13.4 | 3.7 ± 1.2 |
| Water depth (m) | 1.92 ± 0.58 | 2.23 ± 0.55 | 1.83 ± 0.46 | 1.31 ± 0.09 |
| Inlet-outlet system (%) | 58 | 79 | 67 | 86 |
| Water source (%) Underground water Rain water |
74 26 |
81 19 |
78 22 |
75 25 |
| Interval of sediment removal (year) | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.3 |
| Use of drugs and chemicals (% farmers) | ||||
| Water and soil treatment compounds | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Fertilisers | 29 | 37 | 18 | 13 |
| Disinfectants | 11 | 7 | 8 | 13 |
| Antibiotics | 17 | 11 | 15 | 9 |
| Pesticides | 12 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| Probiotics | 21 | 14 | 8 | 3 |
| Feed additives | 32 | 21 | 26 | 36 |
| Investments for drugs and chemicals (US$ ha−1) | 208 | 158 | 135 | 112 |
| Used of feed type (% farmers) Farm-made sinking Local brand sinking Commercial brand floating Commercial brand sinking |
73 27 0 0 |
60 40 0 0 |
0 0 53 47 |
0 0 60 40 |