Table 1.
Sample characteristics by exposure to previous psychotherapy
| Full sample, waves 3 and 4 (N = 857)a | Therapy with strategies (n = 195; 22.8%) | Therapy with no strategies (n = 61; 7.1%) | No therapy (n = 599; 69.9%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics (wave 1) | ||||
| Age, years, mean (s.d.)* | 50.02 (16.14) | 47.01 (15.39) | 49.38 (17.42) | 51.10b (16.15) |
| Male, n (%) | 435 (50.8) | 86 (44.1) | 31 (50.8) | 317 (52.9) |
| Female, n (%) | 422 (49.2) | 109 (55.9) | 30 (49.2) | 282 (47.1) |
| Current mental disorder, n (%)** | 200 (23.3) | 98 (50.3) | 32 (52.5) | 69 (11.5)c,d |
| Past mental disorder, n (%)** | 159 (18.6) | 56 (28.7) | 13 (21.3) | 89 (14.9)c |
| Never diagnosed, n (%)** | 498 (23.3) | 41 (21.0) | 16 (26.2) | 441 (73.6)c,d |
| Education (wave 1) | ||||
| Certificate/diploma | 319 (37.2) | 78 (40.0) | 27 (44.3) | 214 (35.7) |
| Bachelor's degree | 262 (30.6) | 61 (31.3) | 19 (31.1) | 181 (30.2) |
| Higher degree | 39 (4.6) | 8 (4.1) | 2 (3.3) | 29 (4.8) |
| High school or less | 233 (27.2) | 46 (23.6) | 13 (21.3) | 173 (28.9) |
| No response | 4 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Mental health measures (wave 3/4) | ||||
| Wave 3 PHQ-9, mean (s.d.)** | 5.53 (6.01) | 7.46 (6.22) | 9.89e (7.74) | 4.46f,g (5.38) |
| Wave 4 PHQ-9, mean (s.d.)** | 5.16 (5.83) | 7.13 (5.93) | 9.64b (7.71) | 4.05f,g (5.16) |
| Wave 3 GAD-7, mean (s.d.)** | 4.39 (5.14) | 6.22 (5.47) | 7.84 (6.24) | 3.44f,g (4.57) |
| Wave 4 GAD-7, mean (s.d.)** | 4.05 (4.94) | 5.72 (5.18) | 7.57e (6.30) | 3.13f,g (4.38) |
Two participants did not complete the initial question about previous therapy experience, but completed subsequent sections on their use of therapy strategies; thus their data is included in the full sample (N = 857) characteristics only. Data from these two participants is included in the summary table (Table 3).
t-test indicated a significant difference versus therapy with strategies, p < 0.01.
χ2 indicated a significant difference versus therapy with strategies, p < 0.001.
χ2 indicated a significant difference versus therapy with no strategies, p < 0.001.
t-test indicated a significant difference versus therapy with strategies, p < 0.05.
t-test indicated a significant difference versus therapy with strategies, p < 0.001.
t-test indicated a significant difference versus therapy with no strategies, p < 0.001.
p < 0.05 One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between therapy groups.
p < 0.001 χ2 or one-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between therapy groups.