Table 1.
Clinical features of primary FSGS in the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry.
| Obs | Overall (n = 996) | Age groups | P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pediatric group (n = 132) | Adult group (n = 622) | Elderly group (n = 242) | ||||||||
| Patient characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age | 996 | 47 | [89–64] | 10 | [4–15] | 43 | [32–55] | 72 | [68–77] | < 0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 996 | 592 | (59.4) | 80 | (60.6) | 360 | (57.9) | 152 | (62.8) | 0.40 |
| Number of biopsies | ||||||||||
| First | 996 | 516 | (51.8) | 52 | (39.4) | 322 | (51.8) | 142 | (58.7) | < 0.001 |
| Second | 66 | (6.6) | 24 | (18.2) | 33 | (5.3) | 9 | (3.7) | ||
| ≥ 3 times | 26 | (2.6) | 11 | (8.3) | 14 | (2.6) | 1 | (0.4) | ||
| Unknown | 388 | (39.0) | 45 | (34.1) | 253 | (40.7) | 90 | (37.2) | ||
| Clinical diagnosis | ||||||||||
| Nephrotic syndrome | 996 | 512 | (51.4) | 97 | (73.5) | 256 | (41.2) | 159 | (65.7) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic nephritic syndrome | 442 | (44.4) | 31 | (25.5) | 338 | (54.3) | 73 | (30.2) | ||
| Others | 42 | (4.2) | 4 | (3.0) | 28 | (4.5) | 10 | (4.1) | ||
| Body Mass Index | 982 | 22.9 | [20.3–26.2] | 18.5 | [16.3–21.5] | 23.5 | [20.8–27.1] | 23.6 | [21.4–25.9] | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 828 | 129 | [118–142] | 113 | [103–121] | 129 | [119–141] | 138 | [125–150] | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 828 | 78 | [68–86] | 68 | [60–78] | 80 | [70–88] | 77 | [70–86] | < 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 817 | 414 | (50.7) | 31 | (34.1) | 244 | (46.6) | 139 | (68.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 717 | 99 | (13.8) | 4 | (4.8) | 61 | (13.5) | 34 | (18.8) | 0.013 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||||
| Total protein, g/dL | 988 | 6.2 | [4.9–7.0] | 6.1 | [5.0–6.9] | 6.5 | [5.0–7.0] | 5.5 | [4.8–6.6] | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 986 | 3.5 | [2.2–4.1] | 3.6 | [2.6–4.2] | 3.7 | [2.3–4.1] | 2.6 | [2.0–3.75 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 975 | 235 | [195–323] | 250 | [177–399] | 232 | [195–308] | 242 | [195–325] | 0.53 |
| HbA1c (NGSP), % | 608 | 5.7 | [5.4–6.0] | 5.5 | [5.3–5.8] | 5.6 | [5.4–6.0] | 5.8 | [5.4–6.0] | 0.043 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 994 | 0.96 | [0.70–1.31] | 0.44 | [0.31–0.66] | 0.95 | [0.73–1.26] | 1.24 | [0.93–1.69] | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 987 | 60 | [41–84] | 106 | [83–134] | 64 | [47–83] | 40 | [29–57] | < 0.001 |
| Urinary protein, g/gCr | 697 | 2.9 | [1.02–6.93] | 1.86 | [0.16–6.16] | 2.27 | [0.98–5.46] | 5.66 | [2.83–9.70] | < 0.001 |
| Urinary protein, g/day | 680 | 2.24 | [0.84–5.49] | 1.65 | [0.17–6.80] | 1.96 | [0.84–5.01] | 3.68 | [1.24–6.44] | < 0.001 |
| Consistent with NSa | 996 | 327 | (32.8) | 32 | (24.2) | 171 | (27.5) | 124 | (51.2) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary occult blood | ||||||||||
| (−) | 996 | 323 | (32.4) | 70 | (53.0) | 205 | (33.0) | 48 | (19.8) | < 0.001 |
| (±) | 143 | (14.4) | 14 | (10.6) | 94 | (15.1 | 35 | (14.5) | ||
| (1+) | 170 | (17.1) | 10 | (7.6) | 100 | (16.1 | 60 | (24.8) | ||
| (2+) | 208 | (20.9) | 20 | (15.2) | 129 | (20.7) | 59 | (24.4) | ||
| (3+) | 152 | (15.3) | 18 | (13.6) | 94 | (15.1) | 40 | (16.5) | ||
| Urinary occult blood presentb | 996 | 530 | (53.2) | 48 | (36.4) | 323 | (51.9) | 159 | (65.7) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary RBC/HFP | ||||||||||
| (−) | 996 | 154 | (15.5) | 32 | (24.2 | 94 | (15.1) | 28 | (11.6) | 0.025 |
| < 5 | 448 | (45.0) | 49 | (37.1) | 287 | (46.1) | 112 | (46.3) | ||
| 5–10 | 163 | (16.4) | 18 | (13.6) | 97 | (15.6) | 48 | (19.8) | ||
| 10–30 | 129 | (13.0) | 16 | (12.1) | 77 | (12.4) | 36 | (14.9) | ||
| Many | 102 | (10.2) | 17 | (12.9) | 67 | (10.8) | 18 | (7.4) | ||
| Urinary RBC presentc | 996 | 394 | (39.6) | 51 | (38.6) | 241 | (38.8) | 102 | (42.2) | 0.64 |
| Hematuria presentd | 996 | 363 | (36.5) | 41 | (31.1) | 226 | (36.3) | 96 | (39.7) | 0.26 |
Data are presented as median [interquartile range] for continuous variables and count (percentage) for categorical variables.
obs number of observations, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, NGSP National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, NS nephrotic syndrome, RBC red blood cell, HPF high powered field.
aLaboratory criteria for nephrotic syndrome, for pediatric patients (age < 18): urinary protein ≥ 40 mg/h/m2 or ≥ 2.0 g/gCr and serum albumin ≤ 2.5 g/dL; for adult and elderly patients (age ≥ 18): urinary protein ≥ 3.5 g/day or ≥ 3.5 g/gCr and serum albumin ≤ 3.0 g/dL.
bUrinary occult blood present, (1+), (2+), (3+) on dipstick.
cUrinary RBC present, ≥ 5/HPF in urine sediment.
dHematuria present, (1+), (2+), (3+) on dipstick and ≥ 5/HPF in sediment.