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Salivary processing methods: (1) Saliva is collected at the bedside via gentle, low wall suction. Saliva tends to pool under tongue and in gingival crevices; (2) saliva undergoes total ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction with the Qiagen RNeasy Protect Saliva Mini Kit; (3) total RNA undergoes reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) application. (3A) Gene targets either amplify (+ gene expression) or (3B) fail to amplify (− gene expression).
