Supplementary Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics and Autopsy Findings in COVID-19 Pneumonia and the Control Patient Group of Fatal Cases of Pneumonia Unrelated to SARS-CoV-2
| Classification |
COVID-19 negative |
COVID-19 positive |
P value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 13 | n = 60 | |||
| n = 13 | n = 60 | |||
| Gender | .347 | |||
| Female | 31 (4) | 45 (27) | ||
| Male | 69 (9) | 55 (33) | ||
| Age, y | .422 | |||
| ≤80 | 54 (7) | 42 (25) | ||
| >80 | 46 (6) | 58 (35) | ||
| Liver disease in medical history | 8 (1) | 8 (5) | .939 | |
| Heart disease in medical history | 85 (11) | 93 (56) | .299 | |
| Lung disease in medical history | 77 (10) | 63 (38) | .349 | |
| Neurologic disease in medical history | 15 (2) | 47 (28) | .038 | |
| Renal disease in medical history | 46 (6) | 33 (20) | .381 | |
| Oncologic disease in medical history | 8 (1) | 22 (13) | .246 | |
| Level of care at time of death | .096 | |||
| Home/nursing home | 23 (3) | 32 (19) | ||
| Hospital, low care | 31 (4) | 52 (31) | ||
| Intensive care unit | 46 (6) | 17 (10) | ||
| Autolysis of hepatic tissue | .171 | |||
| None | 31 (4) | 45 (27) | ||
| Little | 31 (4) | 37 (22) | ||
| Moderate | 39 (5) | 18 (11) | ||
| Liver tissue: SARS-CoV-2 and/or nucleocapsid-protein | Positive | 0 (0) | 22 (13) | .043 |
| Sinusoidal platelet aggregates | Present | 39 (5) | 70 (42) | .031 |
| Sinusoidal ectasia | .024 | |||
| None | 39 (5) | 25 (15) | ||
| Focal (<25%) | 15 (2) | 7 (4) | ||
| Multifocal (25%–75%) | 39 (5) | 20 (12) | ||
| Diffuse (>75%) | 8 (1) | 48 (29) | ||
| Portal ectasia | .002 | |||
| None | 8 (1) | 3 (2) | ||
| Focal (<25%) | 46 (6) | 13 (8) | ||
| Multifocal (25%–75%) | 31 (4) | 25 (15) | ||
| Diffuse (>75%) | 15 (2) | 5 (35) | ||
| Portal fibrosis | .293 | |||
| Widen, no septae | 53 (7) | 72 (43) | ||
| Widen with septae | 15 (2) | 5 (3) | ||
| Incomplete cirrhosis | 31 (4) | 22 (13) | ||
| Cirrhosis | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | ||
| Confluent necrosis | .175 | |||
| None | 85 (11) | 66 (38) | ||
| Focal | 8 (1) | 10 (6) | ||
| Moderate | 0 (0) | 5 (3) | ||
| Frequent | 8 (1) | 19 (11) | ||
| Apoptosis (cell count per field view) | .838 | |||
| 0–1 | 77 (10) | 81 (47) | ||
| 2–4 | 23 (3) | 12 (7) | ||
| >5 | 0 (0) | 7 (4) | ||
| Hepatic steatosis | .046 | |||
| <5% | 62 (8) | 22 (13) | ||
| 5%–33% | 15 (2) | 38 (23) | ||
| 34%–66% | 8 (1) | 27 (16) | ||
| >66% | 15 (2) | 13 (8) | ||
| Macrovesicular steatosis | Positive | 39 (5) | 67 (40) | .058 |
| Microvesicular steatosis | Positive | 39 (5) | 75 (45) | .010 |
| Kupffer cell siderosis | .771 | |||
| None | 85 (11) | 88 (53) | ||
| Little | 15 (2) | 7 (4) | ||
| Moderate | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | ||
| Severe | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | ||
| Hepatocyte siderosis | .720 | |||
| None | 92 (12) | 88 (53) | ||
| Little | 0.00 (0) | 8 (5) | ||
| Moderate | 8 (1) | 2 (1) | ||
| Severe | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | ||
| Ductular reaction (CK7) | Positive | 77 (10) | 87 (52) | .348 |
| Cholestasis (histologically) | Positive | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | .793 |
| EpCam+ regenerative cluster | Positive | 11 (1) | 29 (17) | .262 |
| EpCam+ hepatic stem/progenitor cells (count per 10 field views) | .020 | |||
| <5 | 22 (2) | 3 (2) | ||
| 5–24 | 56 (5) | 31 (18) | ||
| 25–50 | 11 (1) | 48 (28) | ||
| >50 | 11 (1) | 19 (11) |
NOTE. Data given are % (n). P value: bold < .05.