Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic models and sedation algorithms used in published studies. Terms are defined as follows: Starting concentration, the concentration of propofol at which participants commence the sedation regime; Increment concentration, the increase applied to the target-site concentration of propofol obtained by each participant handheld trigger activation; Lock-out time, the time after an increment in target-site concentration during which a subsequent handheld trigger activation will not cause a further increment; Maximum obtainable concentration, the ‘ceiling’ target-site concentration, above which the sedation will not increment regardless of handheld trigger activations; Decrement concentration, the target-site concentration reduction which is automatically applied in the event of no handheld trigger activations within the decrement time; Decrement time, the time which must expire with no handheld trigger activations before the decrement concentration is automatically applied; Minimum concentration, the target-site concentration below which the sedation will not decrement during the sedation period.

Authors	Year	Propofol model	Target-site	Starting concentration (μg ml−1)	Increment concentration (μg ml−1)	Lock-out (sec)	Maximum obtainable concentration (μg ml−1)	Decrement concentration (μg ml−1)	Decrement time (s)	Minimum concentration (μg ml−1)
Irwin and colleagues8	1997	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	3.0	0.2	Variable	0.2
Murdoch and Kenny9	1999	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	3.0	Unspecified	360	0.2
Murdoch and colleagues10	2000	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	3.0	Unspecified	360	0.2
Gillham and colleagues11	2001	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	3.0	0.2	360	Unspecified
Henderson and colleagues12	2002	Marsh	Plasma	0.5	0.1	240	3.0	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Leitch and colleagues13	2003	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	3.0	0.2	360	Unspecified
Rodrigo and colleagues14	2003	Marsh	Plasma	1.4	0.2	120	3.0	0.2	Variable	0.2
Campbell and colleagues15	2004	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	4.5	Unspecified	Unspecified	Unspecified
Leitch and colleagues16	2004	Marsh	Plasma	1.0	0.2	120	3.0	Unspecified	360	Unspecified
Rodrigo and colleagues17	2004	Marsh	Plasma	1.4	0.2	120	3.0	0.2	Variable	0.2
Anderson and colleagues18	2005	Marsh	Effect-site	1.0	0.2	Variable	No maximum	0.2	360	Unspecified
Chapman and colleagues19	2006	Marsh	Effect-site	1.0	0.2	Variable	No maximum	No decrement	N/A	Unspecified
Stonell and colleagues20	2006	Schnider	Effect-site	0.8	0.1	180	No maximum	0.1	300	Unspecified
Allam and colleagues21	2013	Marsh	Effect-site	1.0	0.2	Variable	3.0	Variable	Variable	Unspecified
O'Brien and colleagues22	2013	Marsh	Effect-site	1.0	0.2	Variable	3.0	No decrement	N/A	Unspecified
Hewson and colleagues23	2019	Schnider	Effect-site	0.5	0.2	Variable	2.0	0.1	360	0.5
Hewson and colleagues24	2019	Schnider	Effect-site	0.5	0.2	120	2.0	0.1	900	0.5