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. 2018 Sep 14;26(8):1207–1213. doi: 10.3727/096504017X15046134836575

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Swainsonine inhibits cell invasion and EMT by downregulation of Twist1 and deactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Esophageal carcinoma cells were transfected with pEX or pEX-Twist1; untransfected cells served as control. The mRNA and protein expressions of Twist1 were measured using qRT-PCR (A) and Western blot (B), respectively. Then cells were treated with TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + swainsonine (50 μg/ml), TGF-β1 + pEX + swainsonine (50 μg/ml), or TGF-β1 + pEX-Twist1 + swainsonine (50 μg/ml), and the following experiments were carried out: (C) Transwell invasion assay, to measure cell invasion; and Western blot, to measure the expression of (D) E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, and snail, and (E) PI3K and AKT. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 as indicated.