Table 2.
Associations between the need for emergency care with explanatory variables (255) patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19
| Variables | Emergency care | p-value | PR 95% CI | ||
| Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | ||||
| Age | |||||
| Up to 50 years | 81 (52.9) | 72 (47.1) | 0.429* | 1.00; | – |
| >50 years | 58 (58.0) | 42 (42.0) | 1.10; | 0.88 to 1.37 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 25 (53.2) | 22 (46.8) | 0.769* | 1.00; | – |
| Female | 115 (55.6) | 92 (44.4) | 1.04; | 0.78 to 1.40 | |
| Work situation | |||||
| Inactive | 73 (65.2) | 39 (34.8) | 0.002* | 1.42; | 1.13 to 1.78 |
| Active | 63 (46.0) | 74 (54.0) | 1.00; | – | |
| Skin colour | |||||
| White | 78 (56.9) | 59 (43.1) | 0.529* | 1.07; | 0.86 to 1.34 |
| Non white | 62 (53.0) | 55 (47.0) | 1.00; | – | |
| Geographic distribution | |||||
| Non-southeast | 58 (49.6) | 59 (50.4) | 0.101* | 1.00; | – |
| Southeast | 82 (59.9) | 55 (40.1) | 1.21; | 0.96 to 1.52 | |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 81 (49.7) | 82 (50.3) | 0.020* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 59 (64.8) | 32 (35.2) | 1.3 | 1.05 to 1.62 | |
| Obesity | |||||
| No | 113(53,6) | 98(46,4) | 0.267* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 27(62,8) | 16(37,2) | 1.17 | 0.90 to 1.52 | |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 116 (52.0) | 107 (48.0) | 0.008* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 24 (77.4) | 7 (22.6) | 1.49 | 1.18 to 1.87 | |
| Lung disease | |||||
| No | 121 (54.3) | 102 (45.7) | 0.461* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 19 (61.3) | 12 (38.7) | 1.13 | 0.83 to 1.53 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||
| No | 124 (53.7) | 107 (46.3) | 0.144* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 16 (69.6%) | 7 (30.4) | 1.3 | 0.96 to 1.74 | |
| Dyslipidaemia | |||||
| No | 129 (54.4) | 108 (45.6) | 0.411* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 1.19 | 0.82 to 1.72 | |
| Hypothyroidism | |||||
| No | 127 (53.4) | 111 (46.6) | 0.030* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 13 (81.3) | 3 (18.8) | 1.52 | 1.17 to 1.98 | |
| Kidney disease | |||||
| No | 128 (53.6) | 111 (46.4) | 0.046* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1.49 | 1.13 to 1.97 | |
| Smoking | |||||
| No | 136 (56.0) | 107 (44.0) | 0.228† | 1.54 | 0.70 to 3.39 |
| Yes | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 1.00; | – | |
| Fibromyalgia | |||||
| No | 133 (54.5) | 111 (45.5) | 0.519† | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | 1.28 | 0.84 to 1.96 | |
| Alcoholism | |||||
| No | 137 (55.9) | 108 (44.1) | 0.049† | 3.91 | 0.64 to 24.11 |
| Yes | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 1.00; | – | |
| Depression | |||||
| No | 137 (55.2) | 111 (44.8) | 1.000† | 1.1 | 0.49 to 2.48 |
| Yes | 3 (50.0) | 3 (5.,0) | 1.00; | – | |
| TNFi | |||||
| No | 119 (59.5) | 81 (40.5) | 0.007* | 1.53 | 1.07–2.18 |
| Yes | 21 (38.9) | 33 (6.1) | 1.00; | – | |
| HCQ | |||||
| No | 86 (51.2) | 82 (48.8) | 0.079* | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 54 (62.8) | 32 (37.2) | 1.23 | 0.98 to 1.53 | |
| Oral GC | |||||
| No | 80 (46.2) | 93 (53.8) | <0.001 | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 60 (74.1) | 21 (25.9) | 1.6 | 1.30 to 1.97 | |
| GC dosage | |||||
| <20 mg/day | 43 (69.4) | 19 (30.6) | 0.133† | 1.00; | – |
| ≥20 mg/day | 17 (89.5) | 2 (10.5) | 1.29 | 1.03 to 1.62 | |
| Intravenous GC | |||||
| No | 133 (53.8) | 114 (46.2) | 0.018† | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 7 (100.0) | 0 (0,0) | 1.86 | 1.65 to 2.08 | |
| CYC | |||||
| No | 133 (54.3) | 112 (45.7) | 0.193† | 1.00; | – |
| Yes | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 1.44 | 1.00 to 2.09 | |
*P value of the χ2 test for independence;
†P value of Fisher’s exact test.
CYC, cyclophosphamide pulse therapy; GC, glucocorticoids; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; Methyl, methylprednisolone e pulse therapy; PR, prevalence ratio; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.