Table 5.

The comparison of macro and micro-nutrients intakes in different categories of major dietary patterns

Nutrients*	Western dietary pattern				Healthy dietary pattern				Traditional dietary pattern
	1	2	3	P	1	2	3	P	1	2	3	P
Protein (gr)	74.47 ± 0.90	73.01 ± 0.87	69.09 ± 0.90	< 0.001	68.39 ± 0.88	73.03 ± 0.86	75.12 ± 0.89	< 0.001	68.32 ± 0.91	72.47 ± 0.86	75.75 ± 0.92	< 0.001
Carbohydrate (gr)	306.50 ± 2.87	310.55 ± 2.77	300.17 ± 2.86	0.03	306.15 ± 2.85	302.33 ± 2.79	308.74 ± 2.87	0.27	314.80 ± 2.92	306.07 ± 2.75	296.39 ± 2.95	< 0.001
Fat (gr)	74.57 ± 1.23	72.60 ± 1.19	78.06 ± 1.23	0.06	74.58 ± 1.23	75.95 ± 1.20	74.69 ± 1.24	0.67	73.30 ± 1.27	74.57 ± 1.20	77.35 ± 1.28	0.09
Saturated fat (gr)	25.02 ± 0.54	24.46 ± 0.53	26.77 ± 0.54	< 0.001	24.52 ± 0.54	25.98 ± 0.53	25.74 ± 0.54	0.12	24.86 ± 0.56	25.30 ± 0.53	25.10 ± 0.57	0.64
Cholesterol(gr)	212.49 ± 8.47	221.70 ± 8.17	214.06 ± 8.44	0.69	209.92 ± 8.37	221.85 ± 8.19	216.47 ± 8.43	< 0.001	178.45 ± 8.37	209.22 ± 7.91	260.41 ± 8.47	< 0.001
Linoleic fat (gr)	13.33 ± 0.37	12.99 ± 0.36	14.23 ± 0.37	0.04	14.51 ± 0.37	13.49 ± 0.36	12.54 ± 0.37	< 0.001	12.90 ± 0.38	13.38 ± 0.36	14.26 ± 0.39	0.06
Oleic fat (gr)	23.61 ± 0.48	22.68 ± 0.46	24.64 ± 0.48	0.01	24.15 ± 0.48	23.82 ± 0.47	22.96 ± 0.48	0.21	22.71 ± 0.49	23.27 ± 0.46	24.93 ± 0.50	0.008
EPA (gr)	0.022 ± 0.002	0.023 ± 0.002	0.021 ± 0.002	0.74	0.01 ± 0.002	0.02 ± 0.002	0.03 ± 0.002	< 0.001	0.02 ± 0.002	0.024 ± 0.002	0.021 ± 0.002	0.24
DHA (gr)	0.07 ± 0.006	0.08 ± 0.006	0.07 ± 0.006	0.65	0.05 ± 0.006	0.08 ± 0.006	0.10 ± 0.006	< 0.001	0.07 ± 0.006	0.08 ± 0.006	0.07 ± 0.006	0.21
Total dietary Fiber (gr)	38.32 ± 1.24	35.27 ± 1.19	34.33 ± 1.23	0.07	38.85 ± 1.22	34.54 ± 1.19	34.54 ± 1.23	0.01	37.09 ± 1.27	35.61 ± 1.20	35.22 ± 1.29	0.57
Total sugar (gr)	115.48 ± 2.14	112.23 ± 2.06	102.90 ± 2.13	< 0.001	93.40 ± 1.91	109.96 ± 1.87	127.15 ± 1.93	< 0.001	114.23 ± 2.21	110.56 ± 2.09	105.81 ± 2.23	0.04
Glucose (gr)	14.82 ± 0.42	14.67 ± 0.41	13.68 ± 0.42	0.13	10.61 ± 0.35	13.87 ± 0.34	18.67 ± 0.35	< 0.001	15.90 ± 0.43	13.77 ± 0.40	13.50 ± 0.43	< 0.001
Fructose (gr)	17.33 ± 0.50	16.91 ± 0.49	15.86 ± 0.50	0.12	12.15 ± 0.42	16.23 ± 0.41	21.69 ± 0.42	< 0.001	18.66 ± 0.51	15.96 ± 0.48	15.49 ± 0.52	< 0.001
Sucrose (gr)	30.75 ± 1.31	32.02 ± 1.27	27.13 ± 1.31	0.02	28.33 ± 1.30	29.63 ± 1.27	31.93 ± 1.31	0.16	28.16 ± 1.35	30.37 ± 1.27	31.36 ± 1.36	0.26
Lactose (gr)	18.55 ± 0.72	14.51 ± 0.70	14.26 ± 0.72	< 0.001	11.77 ± 0.70	17.02 ± 0.69	18.50 ± 0.71	< 0.001	16.86 ± 0.75	16.49 ± 0.71	13.95 ± 0.76	0.01
Galactose (gr)	3.50 ± 0.16	3.19 ± 0.15	3.18 ± 0.16	0.29	2.59 ± 0.15	3.56 ± 0.15	3.71 ± 0.15	< 0.001	3.34 ± 0.16	3.56 ± 0.15	2.97 ± 0.16	0.03
Fe (mg)	27.01 ± 0.93	25.83 ± 0.90	24.58 ± 0.93	0.20	25.94 ± 0.92	26.11 ± 0.90	25.36 ± 0.93	0.83	22.97 ± 0.94	25.42 ± 0.89	29.00 ± 0.95	< 0.001
Cu (mg)	1.42 ± 0.02	1.43 ± 0.02	1.36 ± 0.02	0.04	1.37 ± 0.02	1.36 ± 0.02	1.47 ± 0.02	< 0.001	1.40 ± 0.02	1.38 ± 0.02	1.43 ± 0.02	0.37
Zn (mg)	10.85 ± 0.13	10.65 ± 0.13	10.21 ± 0.13	< 0.001	10.00 ± 0.13	10.73 ± 0.13	10.98 ± 0.13	< 0.001	10.10 ± 0.14	10.64 ± 0.13	10.96 ± 0.14	< 0.001
Vit. A (RAE)	485.85 ± 19.79	459.96 ± 19.10	428.78 ± 19.73	0.14	337.24 ± 18.13	438.15 ± 17.74	598.45 ± 18.26	< 0.001	450.88 ± 20.27	435.74 ± 19.15	487.79 ± 20.50	0.18
Vit.E (mg)	11.39 ± 0.25	10.54 ± 0.24	10.75 ± 0.25	0.04	10.41 ± 0.24	10.98 ± 0.24	11.29 ± 0.25	0.04	10.59 ± 0.25	10.58 ± 0.24	11.51 ± 0.26	0.02
Vit.C (mg)	139.84 ± 5.09	129.47 ± 4.91	120.22 ± 5.07	0.03	83.52 ± 4.18	122.97 ± 4.09	182.76 ± 4.21	< 0.001	139.21 ± 5.22	123.04 ± 4.93	127.28 ± 5.28	0.07
Energy (kcal)ª	1906.38 ± 38.67	2135.52 ± 38.43	2382.59 ± 38.56	< 0.001	1954.34 ± 39.06	2091.77 ± 38.89	2358.63 ± 38.98	< 0.001	1839.06 ± 36.27	2091.40 ± 36.14	2473.69 ± 36.10	< 0.001

All values are presented as mean ± SD; the comparison of macro and micro-nutrients intakes were adjusted with the variables of age, gender, and energy and energy were adjusted with age and gender by the covariance analysis method (ANCOVA)