Table 4.

QOL scores among different subgroups in nuclear family system, Abbottabad, Pakistan (n = 1010)*

	Physical	Psychological	Relationship	Environmental	General facet
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Type of residence
Urban	67.4 ± 15.8	70.5 ± 15.2	73.0 ± 16.0	58.5. ± 14.8	66.6 ± 18.5
Rural	63.7 ± 14.8	65.5 ± 15.2	70.8 ± 16.0	52.6 ± 15.0	67.1 ± 18.6
P value (t test)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.714
Gender
Male	66.0 ± 15.6	68.4 ± 14.4	72.5 ± 14.9	55.6 ± 14.7	66.0 ± 18.9
Female	63.6 ± 14.8	65.5 ± 16.1	70.4 ± 17.2	53.2 ± 15.5	68.0 ± 18.1
P value (t test)	< 0.001	< 0.003	0.037	0.011	0.079
Age
< 30	67.8 ± 14.4	68.3 ± 15.0	69.6 ± 16.8	54.5 ± 15.4	68.8 ± 17.9
31–40	64.2 ± 14.0	66.0 ± 15.1	72.4 ± 15.7	53.4 ± 14.8	66.8 ± 18.2
41–50	64.0 ± 15.2	67.7 ± 15.3	72.5 ± 15.5	55.4 ± 14.1	65.7 ± 18.2
> 50	60.4 ± 17.3	64.6 ± 16.9	71.2 ± 15.9	54.5 ± 17.6	64.7 ± 21.6
P value (F statistic)	< 0.001	0.079	0.87	0.476	0.128
Residence ownership
Owner	64.8 ± 15.0	66.9 ± 15.1	71.3 ± 15.9	54.1 ± 15.0	68.3 ± 17.2
Not owner	65.3 ± 17.0	67.8 ± 17.1	72.3 ± 17.5	54.4 ± 16.2	69.6 ± 18.5
P value (t test)	0.700	0.560	0.509	0.818	0.361
Marital status
Married	63.9 ± 14.7	67.2 ± 15.0	72.6 ± 15.3	54.5 ± 14.9	67.3 ± 18.1
Widow	53.3 ± 19.2	49.3 ± 20.6	56.3 ± 24.2	37.4 ± 09.6	43.7 ± 26.0
Divorced	76.8 ± 12.6	73.0 ± 8.9	66.7 ± 23.6	73.4 ± 15.5	81.2 ± 8.9
Separated	72.6 ± 11.5	76.4 ± 15.0	68.7 ± 17.2	57.3 ± 11.0	79.2 ± 7.2
Never married	70.1 ± 15.4	68.3 ± 14.8	68.9 ± 15.7	55.5 ± 15.7	68.3 ± 17.2
P value (F statistic)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Education
No education	58.3 ± 15.3	59.8 ± 16.9	66.8 ± 16.2	48.0 ± 15.7	58.0 ± 22.5
Informal education	63.2 ± 17.9	76.2 ± 13.5	74.4 ± 10.9	58.0 ± 14.0	70.7 ± 16.1
Can read / write	60.6 ± 14.9	64.0 ± 16.4	69.0 ± 16.1	52.5 ± 14.5	63.2 ± 18.3
Primary (up to grade 5)	65.5 ± 14.8	67.4 ± 14.6	72.7 ± 15.7	55.3 ± 14.2	67.7 ± 17.8
Secondary (up to grade 12)	68.0 ± 14.9	70.0 ± 14.7	72.3 ± 16.5	56.4 ± 15.2	69.4 ± 17.0
Tertiary (up to grade 16 or above)	67.4 ± 12.6	70.0 ± 13.7	73.9 ± 14.9	55.5 ± 15.4	74.7 ± 12.2
P value (F statistic)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Disease
Physical disability	56.4 ± 21.4	62.2 ± 17.4	51.70 ± 13.5	55.4 ± 14.0	63.3 ± 22.9
Hypertension	61.3 ± 15.2	66.8 ± 15.9	57.0 ± 15.8	52.6 ± 17.4	66.7 ± 17.7
Diabetes	53.3 ± 15.7	62.5 ± 16.3	56.5 ± 15.6	47.8 ± 15.0	63.5 ± 16.8
Other	63.4 ± 15.3	65.6 ± 15.6	55.1 ± 14.2	54.1 ± 15.4	64.9 ± 19.8
None	68.2 ± 14.0	69.2 ± 14.4	58.20 ± 13.8	55.6 ± 14.3	70.0 ± 16.5
P value (F statistic)	< 0.001	0.002	0.249	0.109	< 0.001
Employment status
Not working	63.4 ± 15.6	65.0 ± 17.1	70.4 ± 16.4	53.0 ± 15.8	64.5 ± 21.1
Working	66.0 ± 14.6	68.7 ± 13.7	72.3 ± 15.8	55.4 ± 14.7	69.0 ± 16.8
Retired	63.3 ± 18.9	62.7 ± 16.3	70.4 ± 15.8	54.3 ± 14.5	63.8 ± 21.1
P value (F statistic)	0.034	< 0.001	0.195	0.047	< 0.001
Socioeconomic status
High	68.9 ± 13.7	72.3 ± 14.4	74.3 ± 15.6	60.4 ± 14.3	74.4 ± 15.5
Intermediate	65.3 ± 14.9	69.0 ± 13.1	74.1 ± 14.9	55.8 ± 13.6	68.7 ± 15.6
Low	61.5 ± 15.8	61.6 ± 16.0	67.4 ± 16.4	48.8 ± 15.0	60.4 ± 19.9
P value (F statistic)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Social capital
High SC	66.2 ± 14.4	68.1 ± 13.4	73.3 ± 15.2	57.9 ± 13.6	68.9 ± 18.3
Moderate SC	65.2 ± 15.1	67.6 ± 15.2	71.8 ± 15.7	54.6 ± 14.7	67.7 ± 18.3
Low SC	60.7 ± 16.2	62.0 ± 17.6	67.1 ± 18.5	48.6 ± 17.7	60.8 ± 19.3
P value (F statistic)	0.006	< 0.001	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001

*Using the 0–100 scoring method