Table 1.
Bacterial diversity in bat guano across the world
| Reference | Sample origin | Identification method | Distribution of most abundant taxa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Banskar et al. 2016 | Bat feces samples of Rousettus leschenaultii collected at the Robber’s Cave, Maharashtra, India | Cultivation method | Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Lactococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, Weissella, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter |
| High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Candidate division TM7, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria | ||
| Selvin et al. 2019 | Samples from Rhinolophus monoceros gut, The Arwah Cave, Meghalaya, India | Cultivation method | Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Hafnia, Brevibacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter |
| High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Citrobacter, Lactococcus, Staphylococcus, Devosia, Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces | ||
| Newman et al. 2018 | Bat guano sampled from different guano layers, lava tube cave, Sierra County, United States | Cultivation method | Microbacterium, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pantoea, Staphylococcus, Weissella, Streptomyces, Deinococcus |
| High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Enterococcus, Bacillus, Plesiomonas, Vespertiliibacter, Lactococcus, Paenibacillus, Clostridium, Mycoplasma, Pantoea, Weissella, Streptococcus | ||
| Gerbáčová et al. 2020 | Feces samples, building–dwelling insectivorous bat species (Myotis myotis, Rhinolophus hipposideros), twelve locations in central Slovakia | Cultivation method | Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus |
| 16S rRNA DGGE analysis | Rahnella, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia | ||
| Dimkić et al. 2020 | Bat guano sampled from different layers in Ogorelička Pećina Cave, Serbia | Cultivation method | Bacillus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Viridibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Serratia, Citrobacter |
| Borda et al. 2014 | Bat guano sampled from 7 caves in Romania | Cultivation method | Escherichia, Chryseomonas, Burkholderia |
| Vandžurová et al. 2013 | Guano samples from mixed Myotis myotis and M. blythii colony, the church tower in the Slovak Lupca village, Slovakia | Cultivation method | Staphylococcus nepalensis |
| Tomova et al. 2013 | Bat guano samples from the Gallery with prehistoric drawings in Magura Cave, Bulgaria | Cultivation method | Serratia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingobacterium |
| Wolkers-Rooijackers et al. 2019 | Bat guano samples of 10 insectivorous bats of different species sampled from limestone mines, province of Limburg, Netherlands | 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing | Carnobacterium, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Yersinia |
| Afonso and Goydadin 2018 | Feces samples from 23 lesser horseshoe bat maternity roosts located in buildings (churches, barns), Franche-Comté region, France | msp2 (major surface protein gene) sequencing | Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
| Hornok et al. 2018 | Bat feces samples from 19 bat species collected at Hungary and Netherlands | PCR screening focused on vector-borne bacteria (rickettsia and hemotropic mycoplasmas) | Rickettsia, Neorickettsia, Mycoplasma |
| Vengust et al. 2018 | Feces samples of 12 different bat species, captured during autumn migration across central Europe at 8 different parts of Slovenia | High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Carnobacterium, Acinetobacter, an unclassified Enterobacteriaceae |
| Veikkolainen et al. 2014 | Feces samples from Myotis daubentonii, Finland | High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Leuconostoc, Enterobacter, Lactococcus, Chlamydia, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Klebsiella |
| Li et al. 2018 | Fresh fecal pellets from bats with different diets randomly collected in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan, China | High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Enterobacter, Fructobacillus, Ureaplasma, Klebsiella, Weissella, Plesiomonas, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Bacillus |
| Dietrich and Markotter 2019 | Bat feces sampled in a maternity colony of Rousettus aegyptiacus, Matlapitsi Cave, Limpopo province, South Africa | High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Streptococcus, Actinobacillus, Nesterenkonia |
| De Leon et al. 2018 | Bat guano sampled from Cabalyorisa Cave, Philippines | High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Unassigned Xanthomonadaceae, Mycobacterium, Bacillus, Luteibacter, Rhodococcus |
| De Mandal et al. 2015 | Bat guano sampled from three bat species in Pnahkyndeng cave, Meghalaya, Northeast India | High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing | Chloroflexi, Crenarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes |