Table 6.

Heterogeneity of certainty and soft -constraint or rigid-constraint growth expectations

	Deterministic expectations		Rigid-constraint expectations		Soft-constraint expectations
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	SO2	PM2.5	SO2	PM2.5	SO2	PM2.5
exp	− 2.352	0.634	36.139***	2.881**	11.367	10.120
	(2.724)	(0.484)	(9.568)	(1.325)	(44.179)	(9.726)
gdp	− 0.405**	0.051	− 1.253*	− 0.286**	− 0.132	− 0.773
	(0.178)	(0.032)	(0.655)	(0.091)	(3.518)	(0.775)
fdib	− 9.180**	1.407*	− 52.211**	− 4.391	− 37.971	6.165
	(4.161)	(0.739)	(19.863)	(2.750)	(25.592)	(5.634)
govb	0.141	− 0.023	− 0.132	− 0.272	6.931	− 1.139
	(0.290)	(0.052)	(1.589)	(0.220)	(7.951)	(1.750)
cyjg	1.374**	− 0.113	− 1.128	0.388	6.148*	0.945
	(0.589)	(0.105)	(1.770)	(0.245)	(3.288)	(0.724)
rd	− 10.661	2.861**	− 11.050	9.083**	− 3.019	19.133
	(7.587)	(1.347)	(22.767)	(3.152)	(61.825)	(13.610)
wage	− 0.092	− 0.006	0.468**	0.052*	− 0.430	− 0.018
	(0.057)	(0.010)	(0.203)	(0.028)	(0.312)	(0.069)
mal	− 0.078	− 0.015	− 0.230	− 0.011	0.156	0.134
	(0.083)	(0.015)	(0.234)	(0.032)	(0.699)	(0.154)
age	0.007	0.000	0.006	− 0.002	− 0.001	− 0.004
	(0.005)	(0.001)	(0.013)	(0.002)	(0.030)	(0.007)
maj	0.053	− 0.000	− 0.197	0.014	0.142	− 0.025
	(0.045)	(0.008)	(0.122)	(0.017)	(0.260)	(0.057)
xl	0.012	− 0.009	− 0.338**	0.003	− 0.159	− 0.055
	(0.046)	(0.008)	(0.147)	(0.020)	(0.322)	(0.071)
_cons	18.290***	2.914***	29.349**	8.092***	9.776	15.062
	(2.825)	(0.502)	(10.193)	(1.411)	(53.159)	(11.703)
Time effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Regional effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
N	1311	1311	455	455	203	203
R-sq	0.844	0.975	0.818	0.982	0.904	0.975

Note: Standard errors are in parentheses, and ***, **, and * indicate significant at the levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively