Table 1.

Sample characteristics stratified by sex

	Whole group	Women	Men	P value
n (%)	1237	630 (51)	607 (49)
Demographics
Age (years), mean (SD)	67.8 (6.6)	67.6 (6.5)	68.0 (6.7)	0.23
Race/Ethnicity, n (%)
White	1052 (85)	533 (85)	519 (86)
Hispanic	97 (8)	59 (9)	38 (6)
Asian	20 (2)	10 (2)	10 (2)
African-American	21 (2)	10 (2)	11 (2)
Other	47 (4)	18 (3)	29 (5)	0.22
College degree, n (%)	755 (61)	366 (58)	389 (64)	0.03
Annual household income (US$)
0–59 999	364 (29)	214 (36)	150 (26)
60 000–99 000	364 (29)	192 (32)	172 (30)
100 000–199 000	342 (28)	151 (26)	191 (34)
>200 000	89 (7)	35 (6)	54 (10)	<0.0001
Health literacy, n (%)
3rd grade or below	1 (0)	1 (0)	0 (0)
4th–6th grade	7 (1)	2 (0)	5 (1)
7th–8th grade	86 (7)	27 (4)	59 (10)
High school	1143 (92)	600 (95)	543 (89)	0.001
General health
Every smoked >100 cigarettes, n (%)	538 (43)	262 (42)	276 (46)	0.19
How often drink alcohol
Do not drink, n (%)	322 (26)	165 (26)	157 (26)
At least monthly, n (%)	421 (34)	234 (37)	187 (31)
At least weekly, n (%)	481 (39)	226 (36)	255 (43)	0.04
PSQI, mean (SD)	8.0 (2.7)	8.5 (2.8)	7.6 (2.6)	<0.0001
GDS, mean (SD)	2.0 (2.3)	2.2 (2.4)	1.8 (2.1)	0.003
No diabetes, n (%)	247 (20)	127 (20)	120 (20)
Type 1 diabetes, n (%)	758 (61)	385 (61)	373 (61)
Type 2 diabetes, n (%)	232 (19)	118 (19)	114 (19)	0.99
Diabetes characteristics
Mean age at diabetes onset (years) (SD)	34.4 (18.4)	35.1 (19.0)	33.7 (17.9)	0.23
Mean diabetes duration (years) (SD)	33.1 (17.8)	32.2 (18.0)	34.1 (17.5)	0.09
Retinopathy, n (%)	341 (28)	183 (31)	158 (28)	0.30
Neuropathy, n (%)	374 (30)	191 (31)	183 (32)	0.98
Nephropathy, n (%)	61 (5)	29 (5)	32 (6)	0.49
Stroke, n (%)	100 (8)	45 (7)	55 (9)	0.19
Myocardial infarction, n (%)	126 (10)	54 (9)	72 (12)	0.05
Severe hypoglycemia n (%)	376 (30)	183 (29)	193 (32)	0.29
Diabetic ketoacidosis, n (%)	213 (17)	134 (21)	79 (13)	0.0006

Bold signifies p values≤0.05.

GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; PSQI, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.