Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Different Groups Included in the Study
| Healthy Controls Non-Cannabis Users (HC/nc) (n = 18) | Healthy Controls Cannabis Users (HC/c) (n = 20) | Schizophrenia Non-Cannabis Users (SCZ/nc) (n = 16) | Schizophrenia Cannabis Users (SCZ/c) (n = 10) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y)† | 28 (26.8–33) | 28.5 (22.5–33.3) | 32 (30–43) | 30.5 (26.5–42.3) |
| Gender; male (%) | 11 (61.1) | 15 (75.0) | 11 (68.8) | 10 (100.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 22.7 (20.4–25.3) | 23.1 (18.6–25.6) | 29.4 (25.4–35.0)** /## | 25.7 (24.1–28.2) |
| History of nasal trauma/surgery; n (%) | 4 (22.2) | 6 (30.0) | 3 (18.8) | 1 (10.0) |
| History of rhinitis; n (%) | 2 (11.1) | 4 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (20.0) |
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Users – n, (%) | 6 (35.3) | 16 (80.0) | 10 (62.5) | 10 (100.0) |
| Units per week† | 42 (28.8–140) | 28 (14–70) | 175 (79–280)## | 105 (70–210)# |
| Length of use (y)† | 9 (5–15.8) | 6.5 (2.8–17.8) | 15 (7.5–17) | 15 (4–25.3) |
| Cannabis use | ||||
| Age first use (y)‡ | n/a | 15.7 (1.9) | n/a | 16.3 (2.3) |
| Units per week† | n/a | 8 (4.3–21) | n/a | 18 (4.8–21) |
| Length of use (y)† | n/a | 8 (3.3–13.8) | n/a | 13.5 (9.3–23.5)# |
Note: For continuous, non-normally distributed variables (†) results are reported in median (first quartile-third quartile) and provided statistics refer to the Kruskal–Wallis test. For continuous, normally distributed variables (‡) results are reported in mean (SD) and provided statistics refer to ANOVA followed by post-hoc test. Body mass index (BMI) [χ 2 (3) = 20.13; P < .001], and the percentage of tobacco users [χ 2 (3) =14.25, P < .01] were significantly different between groups.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001 vs HC/nc; #P < .05, ##P < .01, ##P < .001 vs HC/c.