Fig 3. Experimental characterization of aero-type for the E. coli ETC-enzyme knockout strains.

(A) Phenotypic characterization for the single and double ETC knockout strains on the rate-yield plane. Aero-types are assigned according to the computationally defined color-shaded area on the rate-yield plane. (B) Expression profiles for the mutant strains are shown for central metabolic genes involved in glycolysis, pyruvate pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Hierarchical clustering for mutant strains shows similar classification of the aero-type as assigned by their locations on the rate-yield plane. Enrichment of genes in each cluster is indicated on the bottom.