Fig. 4.

Evolution of plasticity in the glycolysis pathway. (A) Bar chart of the log₂FC of gene expression evolution from figure 2. The difference between the ancestral and the hot-evolved populations measured at 15 °C (blue) and 23 °C (red) are shown. Single dots superimposed on the bar show the divergence of five hot-evolved replicates from the mean ancestral expression. (B) Glycolysis pathway with the main regulatory enzymes from A. Most genes involved in glycolysis are significantly downregulated at 23 °C (**FDR <0.05, *FDR <0.1). Even for comparisons with no statistically significant difference, most of the genes downregulated at 23 °C are upregulated at 15 °C. (C) Expression plasticity is highly reproducible across replicates. Three enzymes of the glycolysis pathway illustrate the highly consistent response across all five replicates. The ancestral replicate populations are indicated by green dots and the hot-evolved populations by red dots (all genes are shown in a supplementary file, Supplementary Material online). Lines indicate plasticity based on the mean expressions values of the five replicates.