. 2021 Jan 29;40:101947. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101947

Table 3.

Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genes in wastewater and sludge from different locations of the world.

Location	Sampling site	Inhabitants covered	Positive cases within sampling date	Gene quantified	Genetic concentration (genome units, gu, or genome copies, gc)	Ratio Samples positive/Samples analyzed	Reference
France
Paris	3 WWTP	100 000	90−11 200	E gene	From: 5 × 10⁴ gu /L (March, 05^th)	Influent: 3/3	[37]
Paris	3 WWTP	100 000	90−11 200	E gene	To: 3 × 10⁶ gu /L (April, 09^th)	Influent: 3/3	[37]
Spain
Murcia	6 WWTP	750 132	144−976	N gene	On average, 5.1 ± 0.3, 5.5 ± 0.2, and 5.5 ± 0.3 log10 gc/L wastewater for N1, N2 and N3 primer mixes.	Influent: 35/42 Secondary effluent: 2/18 Tertiary effluent: 0/12	[21]
Italy
Milan	3 WWTP	2 000 000	23,075	ORF1ab, N and E genes	N.D.	Inffluent: 4/6 Effluent:0/6	[33]
Milan	2 WWTP	2 100 000	29	ORF1ab, S and RdRP	N.D.	Influent: 2/8	[28]
Rome	1 WWTP	900 000	2 186	ORF1ab, S and RdRP	N.D.	Influent: 4/4	[28]
Netherlands
Amsterdam	1 WWTP	790 800	0−530^*	N and E genes	1.2 × 10² to 1.8 × 10³ gc/mL^b	Influent: 2/4	[8]
Den Haag	1 WWTP	980,000	0−323^*	N and E genes	1.2 × 10¹ to 7.5 × 10¹ gc/mL	Influent: 3/5	[8]
Utrecht	1 WWTP	371,000	0−289^*	N and E genes	1.2 × 10¹ to 1.3 × 10³ gc/mL	Influent: 4/5	[8]
Apeldoorn	1 WWTP	245,000	0−57^*	N and E genes	2.6 × 10¹ to 1.8 × 10² gc/mL	Influent: 2/4	[8]
Amersfoort	1 WWTP	234,500	0−67^*	N and E genes	6.6 × 10° to 4.7 × 10² gc/mL	Influent: 3/4	[8]
Tilburg	1 WWTP	262,500	0−317^*	N and E genes	2.7 × 10² to 2.7 × 10² gc/mL	Influent: 3/3	[8]
Schiphol Airport	1 WWTP	54,000^a	N.R.	N and E genes	2.6 × 10° to 1.7 × 10³ gc/mL	Influent: 3/4	[8]
United States of America
Louisiana	2 WWTP	290 321	0−6173	N gene	3.1−7.5 gc/mL	Influent: 2/7	[24]
Louisiana	2 WWTP	290 321	0−6173	N gene	3.1−7.5 gc/mL	Effluent: 0/8	[24]
Ecuador
Quito	1 SN	>10 000	358−2077	N gene	2.23 × 10⁶ to 3.19 × 10⁶ gc/L	Sewer: 1/1	[34]
Australia
Brisbane	1 PS 2 WWTP	736 172	1−900	N gene	1.9 to 12 gc/100 m L	Pumping station: 0/1 Influent: 2/8	[39]
Japan
Yamanashi	1 WWTP	N.D.	0−57	N gene	Influent: 4.0 × 10³–8.2 × 10⁴ gc/L	Inffluent: 5/5	[35]
Yamanashi	1 WWTP	N.D.	0−57	N gene	Effluent: 1.4 × 10²–2.5 × 10³ gc/L	Effluent: 5/5^c	[35]
Brazil
Niterói, Rio de Janerio	2 WWTP 8 SN	N.R.	0−70	N gene	Ct 36.3–39.8	Influent: 2/2 Sewer netwrok: 3/8	[29]
Niterói, Rio de Janerio	2 HW	N.R.	0−70	N gene	Ct 36.3–39.8	Hospitals: 0/2	[29]

Sampling site: Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), suburban pumping station (PS), Manhole (MH), Hospital wastewater (HW), and sewer network (SN); Positive cases within sampling date.

Calculated value from positive cases per 100 000 inhabitants; N.R. Not reported; N.D. Not Defined.

Design capacity.

Only for N genes quantification.

Before chlorination.