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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 29.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2020 Aug 3;139:106231. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106231

Table 3.

Multivariable linear regression model estimating association between explanatory variables and psychological distress score.

Beta (95% CI)
Age
 30–40 −0.29 (−0.64, 0.06)
 50–64 −0.59 (−0.96, −0.23)***
 65+ −1.06 (−1.44, −0.68) ***
Sex
 Female 0.75 (0.55, 0.95)***
Education
 Some college −0.15 (−0.44, 0.13)
 Associate degree −0.22 (−0.54, 0.11)
 College graduate −0.26 (−0.54, 0.02)
 Post-graduate −0.13 (−0.43, 0.16)
Race
 Black, non-hispanic −0.31 (−0.72, 0.10)
 Hispanic −0.74 (−1.06, −0.42)***
 Other −0.49 (−0.84, −0.15) ***
Marital Status
 Never married 0.78 (0.47, 1.09)***
 Widowed 0.11 (−0.27, 0.50)
 Divorced/Separated 0.73 (0.40, 1.06) ***
 Living with partner 0.38 (−0.02, 0.78)
Income
 40–49k −0.34 (−0.73, 0.05)
 50–74k −0.38 (−0.68, −0.09)**
 75–99k −0.62 (−0.91, −0.34)***
 100k −0.37 (−0.66, −0.08) **
Attends religious services
 A few times a year −0.09 (−0.35, 0.18)
 Once or twice per month −0.11 (−0.51, 0.30)
 Once a week or more −0.79 (−1.02, −0.55)***
Search online for coronavirus info
 Yes 0.35 (0.09, 0.61)*
Used social media to post about coronavirus
 Yes 0.27 (0.06, 0.49)*
How closely following news on COVID-19
 Not too closely −0.30 (−2.06, 1.46)
 Fairly closely −0.66 (−2.35, 1.04)
 Very closely −0.50 (−2.19, 1.18)
Personal life change as result of coronavirus
 Major change 0.99 (0.61, 1.37)***
 Minor change 0.11 (−0.24, 0.46)
Threat of coronavirus for US population health
 Major threat −0.40 (−1.21, 0.4)
 Minor threat −0.66 (−1.45, 0.14)
Threat of coronavirus for personal health
 Major threat 1.37 (1.00, 1.73)***
 Minor threat 0.69 (0.37, 1.00) ***
Laid off/lost job due to COVID (household)
 Yes 0.04 (−0.25, 0.34)
Pay cut, reduced hours due to COVID (household)
 Yes 0.32 (0.06, 0.58)*
Threat of coronavirus to US economy
 Major threat 1.08 (0.18, 1.97)*
 Minor threat 0.96 (0.03, 1.90) *
Threat of coronavirus for personal finances
 Major threat 0.51 (0.18, 0.84)***
 Minor threat 0.04 (−0.27, 0.35)

Multivariable linear regression models estimating association between explanatory variables and psychological distress score, in a nationally representative sample of individuals in the United States with no history of mental disorder (N=9687).