Table 5.
Univariable and multivariable multinomial logistic regression model results assessing factors associated with latent class membership among the HIV-positive participants of the Engage-Montreal study, 2017–2018 (n = 200)a,b
| Variable | Class 2: ART with viral suppression and condom use | Class 3: ART with viral suppression and seroadaptive behaviour use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Age ≤ 50 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | 1.9 (0.5, 6.4) | 2.2 (1.2, 4.2) | 1.5 (0.6, 3.6) |
| Sexual orientation: gayc | 1.4 (0.5, 4.0) | 1.9 (0.3, 11.7) | 2.0 (0.7, 5.7) | 1.4 (0.5, 4.5) |
| Ethnicityd | ||||
| French Canadian | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| English Canadian | 0.5 (0.1, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.2, 5.3) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.3) | 0.6 (0.2, 2.2) |
| Other | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | 2.2 (0.8, 5.9) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.3) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.4) |
| Education: post-high school diploma or higher | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.3) | 2.4 (1.3, 4.6) | 2.4 (1.0, 5.5) |
| Social time spent with gay/bi guys: 50% or more | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.5) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.7) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.5) |
| STBBI diagnosis in the past 12 months | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.4) | 1.8 (0.9, 3.4) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) |
| Number of anal sex partners in the past 6 months | ||||
| 0–1 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 2–3 | 2.0 (0.8, 5.5) | 3.1 (0.8, 12.2) | 8.6 (2.0, 36.2) | 10.2 (1.6, 63.5) |
| 4+ | 0.9 (0.4, 2.1) | 2.9 (0.8, 11.4) | 13.3 (4.1, 42.9) | 15.0 (3.1, 73.5) |
| Currently have a main partner | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.5) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.4) |
| HIV Optimism-Skepticism Scalee | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
| Perceived mental health in the past 6 months | ||||
| Excellent/very good | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| Good | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.5) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2) |
| Fair/poor | 0.4 (0.1, 1.0) | 0.3 (0.1, 1.2) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.8) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.6) |
| Drug use: crack or cocaine in the past 6 months | 0.6 (0.2, 1.4) | 0.8 (0.2, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.2) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.5) |
| Drug use: other drugs in the past 6 monthsf | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | 3.4 (1.6, 7.3) | 1.3 (0.5, 3.3) |
| Alcohol misuse: AUDIT-C Score ≥ 4g | 0.5 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.9) |
ART antiretroviral treatment, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratio, STBBI sexually transmitted or blood borne infection, AUDIT-C alcohol use disorders identification test, consumption questions
aReference level: Class 1—mostly ART with viral suppression; confidence intervals account for clustering by participant recruiter
bThe following variables could not be assessed in univariable or multivariable multinomial regression models due to small cell counts: HIV status of current main partner, perceived risk of transmitting HIV, and currently have a health care provider
cSexual orientation was defined as gay versus other. The other terms used to describe one’s sexual orientation included: bisexual, straight, queer, questioning, asexual, pansexual and two-spirit
dEthnicity is redefined in these models as French Canadian, English Canadian, and other (including European) due to small cell counts
eThe HIV Treatment Optimism-Skepticism Scale [62] includes items related to the efficacy of antiretrovirals for both HIV treatment and reduced infectiousness. The scale ranges from 0 to 36, where higher scores indicate higher optimism in antiretroviral treatment
fOther drugs included any of ecstasy, crystal methamphetamine, mephedrone, speed, poppers, gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ketamine
gAlcohol misuse was measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, consumption questions (AUDIT-C), a screening tool for alcohol abuse, dependence, or heavy drinking [63]. The AUDIT-C Scale ranges from 0 to 12, where higher scores indicate higher risk of alcohol affecting one’s health and safety. Scores were dichotomized at the optimal cut point for identifying alcohol dependence in men [64]: ≥ 4 vs. lower