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. 2021 Jan 29;11:2667. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80155-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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General methods. (a) Cartoon illustration of the set-up, target, starting position, and participant (not drawn to scale). (b) Order of feedback for the different groups in the different phases of the experiment (baseline, learn1, learn2, learn3, and retention phase). Striped blocks represent phases in which the participant received feedback on a single factor. (c) Binary reward feedback. (d) Target trajectory (red), actual trajectory (dashed blue curve), and factors used in Experiment 1. (e) Target trajectory (continuous curve), and factors used in Experiment 2.