Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jan 29;12:675. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20662-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a Comparison of the bipolar D-E loops for the fresh and poled BOPVDF films at 300 MV/m. b Progressive bipolar D-E loops for the poled BOPVDF under different electric fields at room temperature. The poling field has a sinusoidal waveform at 10 Hz. The inset shows the frequency-scan real part of the relative permittivity (ε_r′) at 25 °C. The extracted linear D-E loops from the deformational polarization (D_def) of the poled BOPVDF film are also shown, following the method in a previous report (see Supplementary Note 3)¹⁹. After subtracting the D_def loop from the bipolar D-E loops for the poled BOPVDF film, nonlinear P-E loops are obtained for c the two-phase and d the three-phase models. The inset two-phase model in c contains the β lamellar crystals and the isotropic amorphous fraction (IAF). The inset three-phase model in d contains the β crystals, the IAF, and the oriented amorphous fraction (OAF) connecting the lamellar crystal and the IAF. e First two consecutive bipolar D-E loops for the highly poled BOPVDF film after thermal annealing at different temperatures for 30 min. f Determination of instantaneous P_r, permanent P_r0, and E_c from the bipolar D-E loops in e for the highly poled BOPVDF at different temperatures.