Table 2.
Random Forest performance validation for detecting AD patients based on tenfold cross-validation.
| Modalities | Precision (%) | Recall (%) | MCA (%) | MCF (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN | MCI | AD | CN | MCI | AD | |||
| All modalities | 98.83 ± 1.33 | 90.91 ± 2.55 | 92.41 ± 1.99 | 96.21 ± 1.11 | 95.45 ± 2.00 | 86.61 ± 2.10 | 93.42 ± 2.73 | 93.39 ± 2.19 |
| CS | 99.60 ± 0.17 | 89.76 ± 1.99 | 88.51 ± 1.04 | 93.94 ± 0.18 | 93.64 ± 1.08 | 87.03 ± 2.09 | 92.00 ± 2.26 | 92.08 ± 2.00 |
| NB | 84.86 ± 1.32 | 74.11 ± 2.06 | 77.93 ± 2.00 | 80.68 ± 1.09 | 80.68 ± 1.92 | 69.46 ± 2.01 | 77.83 ± 2.33 | 77.94 ± 2.10 |
| MRI | 45.19 ± 2.46 | 47.16 ± 4.34 | 48.99 ± 3.01 | 46.21 ± 2.41 | 50.91 ± 3.99 | 40.59 ± 3.31 | 46.99 ± 4.01 | 46.50 ± 3.91 |
| PET | 61.59 ± 1.89 | 65.06 ± 2.22 | 70.35 ± 3.03 | 70.45 ± 1.40 | 61.36 ± 3.50 | 66.53 ± 2.87 | 65.23 ± 2.98 | 65.89 ± 2.11 |
| Genetics | 61.28 ± 2.60 | 58.82 ± 3.33 | 54.90 ± 2.42 | 68.94 ± 2.00 | 59.09 ± 3.91 | 46.86 ± 2.00 | 58.75 ± 3.11 | 58.31 ± 2.89 |
| MH | 46.60 ± 1.42 | 50.08 ± 2.91 | 29.29 ± 1.67 | 36.36 ± 1.79 | 67.95 ± 3.82 | 17.15 ± 1.77 | 46.22 ± 2.99 | 41.22 ± 3.00 |
| CS + NB | 99.22 ± 1.09 | 90.65 ± 2.06 | 90.79 ± 0.90 | 95.83 ± 1.11 | 94.77 ± 2.31 | 86.61 ± 2.90 | 93.00 ± 2.61 | 92.97 ± 2.25 |
| CS + MRI | 99.20 ± 2.11 | 89.42 ± 3.62 | 89.57 ± 2.39 | 93.94 ± 2.70 | 94.09 ± 3.59 | 86.19 ± 3.20 | 92.05 ± 3.99 | 92.06 ± 4.01 |
| CS + PET | 99.20 ± 2.01 | 89.25 ± 2.99 | 89.87 ± 2.51 | 94.32 ± 2.22 | 94.32 ± 3.87 | 85.36 ± 2.91 | 92.05 ± 3.33 | 92.05 ± 3.41 |
| CS + Genetics | 99.20 ± 1.99 | 89.01 ± 2.53 | 89.08 ± 2.33 | 93.94 ± 1.83 | 93.86 ± 3.01 | 85.36 ± 2.43 | 91.73 ± 2.91 | 91.74 ± 3.08 |
| CS + MH | 98.43 ± 1.55 | 89.15 ± 4.01 | 89.04 ± 1.92 | 94.70 ± 1.77 | 93.41 ± 4.31 | 84.94 ± 3.91 | 91.62 ± 4.00 | 91.61 ± 3.81 |
| CS + NB + MRI | 99.22 ± 2.05 | 90.87 ± 3.91 | 91.19 ± 2.71 | 96.21 ± 2.09 | 95.00 ± 3.61 | 86.61 ± 2.99 | 93.21 ± 3.40 | 93.18 ± 3.47 |
| CS + NB + PET | 99.22 ± 1.99 | 91.45 ± 2.06 | 90.83 ± 2.90 | 96.97 ± 1.78 | 94.77 ± 3.01 | 87.03 ± 2.72 | 93.42 ± 2.97 | 93.38 ± 2.61 |
| CS + NB + Genetics* | 99.22 ± 1.01 | 91.72 ± 2.01 | 92.54 ± 0.91 | 96.21 ± 1.00 | 95.68 ± 2.00 | 88.28 ± 1.81 | 93.95 ± 2.30 | 93.94 ± 2.07 |
| CS + NB + MH | 99.22 ± 2.01 | 91.50 ± 3.87 | 92.07 ± 2.33 | 96.59 ± 2.33 | 95.45 ± 4.10 | 87.45 ± 3.83 | 93.74 ± 4.00 | 93.71 ± 3.61 |
| CS + NB + Genetics + MRI | 99.22 ± 2.30 | 91.50 ± 4.10 | 92.11 ± 2.97 | 96.21 ± 2.22 | 95.45 ± 4.20 | 87.87 ± 4.86 | 93.74 ± 4.01 | 93.72 ± 4.44 |
| CS + NB + Genetics + PET | 99.61 ± 2.03 | 90.46 ± 2.06 | 90.27 ± 3.04 | 96.59 ± 1.83 | 94.77 ± 3.31 | 85.36 ± 2.77 | 92.89 ± 2.99 | 92.84 ± 3.20 |
| CS + NB + Genetics + MH | 99.22 ± 2.22 | 91.34 ± 4.39 | 92.83 ± 2.31 | 96.97 ± 2.40 | 95.91 ± 4.90 | 86.61 ± 3.09 | 93.85 ± 4.30 | 93.81 ± 4.06 |
| CS + NB + Genetics + MH + MRI | 99.22 ± 2.30 | 90.93 ± 4.55 | 92.41 ± 3.60 | 96.21 ± 2.32 | 95.68 ± 4.24 | 86.61 ± 3.95 | 93.53 ± 4.32 | 93.51 ± 3.97 |
| CS + NB + Genetics + MH + PET | 98.84 ± 1.89 | 91.29 ± 3.41 | 92.04 ± 2.87 | 96.59 ± 2.00 | 95.23 ± 3.05 | 87.03 ± 2.78 | 93.53 ± 3.11 | 93.50 ± 3.01 |
MCA: multiclass classification accuracy, MCF: multiclass F1 score; Asterisk ( ∗): is the subset of features with the best predictive performance; italic text is the best of single and pairs of modalities.