Table I.
Analysis of risk factors, concomitant procedures, and incidence of shoulder stiffness distributed by follow-up visit
| Risk factor | Time point 4 (12 weeks) |
Time point 5 (16-24 weeks) |
Time point 6 (52 weeks) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stiff | Not stiff | P value | Stiff | Not stiff | P value | Stiff | Not stiff | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD), yr | 58.2 (8.5) | 57.4 (7.3) | .74 | 51.8 (7.3) | 57.6 (7.3) | .12 | 50.5 (12.0) | 57.6 (7.3) | .18 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||
| Female | 5 (55.6) | 38 (32.5) | .27 | 3 (75.0) | 40 (32.8) | .11 | 2 (100.0) | 41 (33.1) | .11 |
| Male | 4 (44.44) | 79 (67.5) | 1 (25.0) | 82 (67.2) | 0 (0.0) | 83 (66.9) | |||
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 1 (11.1) | 26 (22.2) | .68 | 1 (25.0) | 26 (21.3) | >.99 | 1 (50.0) | 26 (21.0) | .38 |
| No | 8 (77.8) | 91 (77.8) | 3 (75.0) | 96 (78.7) | 1 (50.0) | 98 (79.0) | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 (33.3) | 35 (29.9) | >.99 | 2 (50.0) | 36 (29.5) | .58 | 1 (50.0) | 37 (29.8) | .51 |
| No | 6 (66.7) | 82 (70.1) | 2 (50.0) | 86 (70.5) | 1 (50.0) | 87 (70.2) | |||
| Workers’ compensation insurance, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 3 (33.3) | 29 (24.8) | .69 | 1 (25.0) | 31 (25.4) | >.99 | 0 (0.0) | 32 (25.8) | >.99 |
| No | 6 (66.7) | 88 (75.2) | 3 (75.0) | 91 (74.6) | 2 (100.0) | 92 (74.2) | |||
| Subacromial decompression, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 6 (66.7) | 82 (70.1) | >.99 | 2 (50.0) | 86 (29.5) | .58 | 1 (50.0) | 87 (70.2) | .51 |
| No | 3 (33.3) | 35 (29.9) | 2 (50.0) | 36 (70.5) | 1 (50.0) | 37 (29.8) | |||
| Débridement, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 2 (22.2) | 25 (21.4) | >.99 | 1 (25.0) | 26 (21.3) | >.99 | 0 (0.0) | 27 (21.8) | >.99 |
| No | 7 (77.8) | 92 (78.6) | 3 (75.0) | 96 (78.7) | 2 (100.0) | 97 (78.2) | |||
| Biceps tenotomy or tenodesis, n (%) | |||||||||
| Yes | 5 (55.6) | 29 (24.8) | .06 | 2 (50.0) | 32 (26.2) | .29 | 1 (50.0) | 33 (26.6) | .47 |
| No | 4 (44.4) | 88 (75.2) | 2 (50.0) | 90 (73.8) | 1 (50.0) | 91 (73.4) | |||
| Total, n (%) | 9 (7.1) | 117 (92.9) | 4 (3.2) | 122 (96.8) | 2 (1.6) | 124 (98.4) | |||
SD, standard deviation.
Stiffness was defined as total range of motion between passive forward flexion and abducted external rotation ≤ 220°.