Fig. 7. RA reduces systemic inflammation.
a–e Expression levels of inflammatory mediators in hippocampus (hpc), cerebral cortex (ctx), spleen, and small intestine determined by qRT-PCR. Il-1b (a), Tnf (b), Ccl5 (c), Cxcl13 (d), and Hmgb1 (e). f–g Expression levels of Tlr2/4 in hpc, ctx, and hypothalamus (hypo) determined using qRT-PCR. All mRNA species were quantified relative to the expression of Gapdh and presented as fold changes compared to control (Cont). Data are shown as means ± standard error. Cont, n = 8; RA, n = 9, *p < 0.05, #p < 0.10.