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. 2021 Jan 29;12:716. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-20947-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Effects of motion artifacts on quantitative PA measurements are illustrated. a Experimental setup. b Inter-wavelength motion artifacts during nanoparticle injection (See movements in B-mode images with wavelength). Inter-wavelength motion vector is estimated from two successive B-mode images using PatchMatch-based speckle tracking, and then accumulated over each wavelength sequence to produce the final motion-corrected PA images. For easy visualization, vectors are spatially decimated. c The original uncompensated wavelength-compounded Σλ-PAUS (left) and corresponding GNR-weighted PA (right) images. Motion artifacts corrupt GNR-weighted PA images as the needle is not rejected. d The needle is completely rejected in GNR-weighted PA images and GNR detectability is also improved in motion-corrected images.