Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| Number (%) or median (IQR) | All (n = 32) | With myocardial injury (n = 18) | Without myocardial injury (n = 14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 62 (53–72) | 68 (61–77) | 53 (49–59) | 0.001 |
| Male sex | 28 (88%) | 17 (94%) | 11 (79%) | 0.178 |
| Duration of hospitalisation, days | 20 (10–33) | 21 (17–34) | 12 (8–29) | 0.084 |
| Time “Onset of symptoms to evaluation”, days | 15 (11–27) | 20 (7–29) | 15 (12–21) | 0.543 |
| Time “Admission to evaluation”, days | 11 (5–16) | 12 (6–25) | 10 (5–14) | 0.253 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Pulmonary artery embolism in CT- angiography, number of CT-scans |
1 (n = 9) |
1 (n = 6) |
0 (n = 3) |
0.453 |
| Hypertension | 17 (53.1%) | 13 (72.2%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.016 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 8 (25.0%) | 7 (38.9%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.043 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (21.9%) | 5 (27.8%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.367 |
| Chronic lung disease | 5 (15.6%) | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0.251 |
| Medication | ||||
| Any medication of the following, n | 18 (56.3%) | 11 (61.1%) | 7 (50%) | 0.539 |
| ACE-inhibitors | 9 (28.1%) | 6 (33.3%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.457 |
| ARB/ARNI | 4 (12.5%) | 2 (11.1%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.788 |
| Betablocker | 11 (34.4%) | 7 (38.9%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.542 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 7 (21.9%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0 | 0.009 |
| Start of medication during admission, n | 7 (21.9%) | 5 (27.8%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0.360 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Initial hsTNT, ng/ml | < 0.013 (< 0.013–0.022) | 0.021 (0.014–0.031) | < 0.013 | < 0.001 |
| hsTNT on evaluation, ng/ml | 0.075 (< 0.013–0.031) | 0.030 (0.017–0.074) | < 0.013 | < 0.001 |
| Maximum hsTNT, ng/ml | 0.017 (< 0.013–0.045) | 0.040 (0.023–0.150) | < 0.013 | < 0.001 |
| Time to maximum hsTNT after admission, days | 17 (8.8–25.8) | |||
| Serum creatinine on evaluation, mg/dl | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.026 |
| D-dimer on evaluation, µg/ml |
2.25 (0.78–4.55) (n = 18) |
2.25 (0.70–4.23) (n = 12) |
3.10 (0.78–6.3) (n = 6) |
0.606 |
| Maximum NT-proBNP, ng/ml | 410 (138–919) | 744 (260–1,257) | 117 (23–416) | 0.001 |
| ICU treatment | ||||
| Admission on ICU, n | 15 (46.9%) | 11 (61.1%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.031 |
| Duration of ICU treatment, days | 15 (5–21) | 17 (5–21) | 13 (7–23) | 0.793 |
| Time admission ICU to echo evaluation, days | 11 (6–24) | 16 (6–26) | 9 (3–14) | 0.327 |
| Intubation with mechanical ventilation, n | 14 (43.8%) | 10 (55.6%) | 4 (28.6%) | 0.133 |
| Minimal Horovitz Index (P/F-ratio), mmHg | 125.5 (101.0–139.3) | 121.0 (80.8–139.3) | 125.5 (110.0–228.8) | 0.620 |
| ARDS severity, n | ||||
| Mild | 3 (21.4%) | 2 (20%) | 1 (25%) | 0.469 |
| Moderate | 10 (71.4%) | 7 (70%) | 3 (75%) | 0.852 |
| Severe | 2 (14.3%) | 2 (20%) | 0 | 0.179 |
| Intubated at the time of echo evaluation, n | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.770 |
ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; CT, computed tomography; echo, echocardiography; hsTNT, high sensitive troponin T; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide; ICU, intensive care unit; P/F-ratio, paO2/FiO2-ratio, ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome