Table 2.
Echocardiographic parameters
| Number (%) or median (IQR) | All (n = 32) | With myocardial injury (n = 18) | Without myocardial injury (n = 14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular dimensions | ||||
| LVEDD, mm | 48 (45–51) | 48 (46–52) | 47 (43–49) | 0.208 |
| LVESD, mm | 38 (33–42) | 40 (34–44) | 35 (32–40) | 0.165 |
| LV mass, g | 143 (125–181) | 156 (135–179) | 135 (118–197) | 0.287 |
| MV, ml | 137.6 (121.9–172.6) | 148.6 (133.8–171.9) | 128.6 (111.9–187.1) | 0.196 |
| 3D-LVEDV, ml | 131 (113–156) | 131 (113–147) | 131 (117–159) | 0.805 |
| 3D-LVESV, ml | 56.0 (48.3–72.0) | 56 (50–76) | 56 (41–64) | 0.518 |
| 3D-LAV, ml | 66 (48–93) | 77 (48–104) | 57 (49–69) | 0.119 |
| Systolic left ventricular function | ||||
| MCF, ratio | 0.50 (0.43–0.57) | 0.47 (0.39–0.55) | 0.55 (0.49–0.64) | 0.016 |
| 3D-LVEF, % | 55 (50–62) | 52 (46–61) | 59 (53–64) | 0.074 |
| Forward LV SV, ml | 72 (58–90) | 67 (57–85) | 78 (62–93) | 0.362 |
| LV-GLS, % | −15.1 (−11.7 to −18.8) | −13.9 (−9.3 to −16.5) | −17.7 (−14.8 to −19.8) | 0.005 |
| Diastolic left ventricular function | ||||
| E/A, ratio | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.7 (0.7–0.9) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.004 |
| Mitral E velocity, cm/s | 74.7 (57.1–85.6) | 60.0 (50.1–75.9) | 80.9 (74.1–87.2) | 0.002 |
| Average E/e′, ratio | 7.7 (6.3–9.7) | 7.6 (5.9–8.9) | 8.2 (6.5–10.5) | 0.471 |
| Septal e′ velocity, cm/s | 7.9 (6.5–9.8) | 6.6 (5.4–8.6) | 9.6 (7.9–11.1) | 0.005 |
| Lateral e′ velocity, cm/s | 10.6 (8.7–12.8) | 9.3 (8.1–10.8) | 12.7 (10.1–14.9) | 0.017 |
| TR velocity, cm/s | 195.0 (139.5–217.0) | 199.4 (123.5–214.5) | 162.0 (139.5–219.5) | 0.790 |
| 3D-LAV index, ml/m2 | 36.0 (24.8–47.4) | 44.4 (31.6–52.1) | 29.6 (23.5–37.6) | 0.134 |
| Right ventricular dimensions | ||||
| 3D-RVEDV, ml | 108.0 (89.0–126.5) | 112.5 (95.4–127.0) | 99.2 (82.5–123.0) | 0.305 |
| 3D-RVESV, ml | 58.2 (46.3–73.5) | 67.5 (57.5–77.7) | 51.5 (43.2–57.5) | 0.019 |
| RV mid, mm | 34.5 (31.7–39.0) | 34.8 (31.9–39.2) | 34.3 (30.5–39.1) | 0.704 |
| RV length, mm | 75.6 (72.1–80.5) | 76.0 (72.4–81.0) | 75.6 (71.4–80.9) | 0.704 |
| RA volume, ml | 44.6 (34.5–62.4) | 46.9 (40.7–59.7) | 42.9 (33.0–63.7) | 0.427 |
| Right ventricular function | ||||
| TAPSE, mm | 23.5 (19.8–27.0) | 26.0 (20.5–28) | 22.0 (18.8–25.5) | 0.074 |
| FAC, % | 40 (35–45) | 37 (29–43) | 43 (40–48) | 0.014 |
| 3D-RVEF, % | 44 (39–49) | 40 (34–44) | 49 (46–53) | 0.001 |
| Global RV SV, ml | 45.4 (39.3–54.0) | 43.1 (31.3–53.7) | 49.4 (42.7–55.1) | 0.154 |
| RV-FWS, % | -24.0 (-17.2- -29.0) | -18.5 (-13.6- -24.6) | -28.3 (-24.2- -32.2) | 0.003 |
| TR peak, mmHg | 16.5 (9.3–21.5) | 17.5 (9.5–26.0) | 13.5 (8.5–21.0) | 0.487 |
| Echo-sPAP, mmHg | 1.19 (0.76–1.85) | 1.20 (0.78–1.61) | 1.05 (0.76–2.42) | 0.935 |
| RV S′ max, mm/s | 16.0 (12.5–18.9) | 15.2 (11.9–19.8) | 16.0 (12.6–18.2) | 0.739 |
| VCI width, mm | 15 (13–19) | 16 (13–19) | 15 (14–19) | 0.873 |
3D, three-dimensional; LVEDD, left ventricular diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular systolic diameter; LV, left ventricle; MV, myocardial volume; LVEDV/RVEDV, left/right ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV/RVESV, left /right ventricular end-systolic volume; LA, left atrial volume; MCF, myocardial contraction fraction; LVEF/RVEF, left /right ventricular ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; GLS, global longitudinal strain; E/A, ratio of mitral E-wave to A-wave; RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrial; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; FAC, fractional area change; RV-FWS, right ventricular free wall strain; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; S′ max, maximum systolic excursion velocity; VCI, vena cava inferior